Search Results - "Genetic code"

The Late Evolution of the Nascent Peptide Code for Translational Control and Its Relationship to the Standard Genetic Code.

Authors: Caetano-Anollés G; Department of Crop Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.; Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.

Source: Genes [Genes (Basel)] 2026 May 29; Vol. 17 (6). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 29.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101551097 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4425 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734425 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Genes (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE

The Evolution of the First Code.

Authors: Lei L de Farias ST Burton ZF

Source: Genes [Genes (Basel)] 2026 May 02; Vol. 17 (5). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 02.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: MDPI Country of Publication: Switzerland NLM ID: 101551097 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2073-4425 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20734425 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Genes (Basel) Subsets: MEDLINE

Probing the limits of genetic recoding using multi-omics-guided evolution.

Authors: Nyerges A Chiappino-Pepe A Budnik B et al.

Source: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2026 Jun 22; Vol. 17 (1). Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jun 22.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE

Molecular Complexity Constrained Early Amino Acid Recruitment into the Genetic Code.

Authors: Hashmi SA Chok H Cabrera R et al.

Source: Genome biology and evolution [Genome Biol Evol] 2026 Mar 02; Vol. 18 (3).

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101509707 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1759-6653 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 17596653 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Genome Biol Evol Subsets: MEDLINE

Toward life with a 19-amino acid alphabet through generative artificial intelligence design.

Authors: Liu L Rochereau C Kozlov S et al.

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2026 Apr 30; Vol. 392 (6797), pp. eaeb5171. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 30.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

Can AI simplify the alphabet of life?

Authors: Sanfiorenzo C Wang K

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2026 Apr 30; Vol. 392 (6797), pp. 467-468. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 30.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Comment

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

A reprogrammed genetic code consisting of 32 distinct amino acids.

Authors: Katoh T Suga H

Source: Nucleic acids research [Nucleic Acids Res] 2026 Feb 05; Vol. 54 (4).

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Oxford University Press Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 0411011 Publication Model: Print Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1362-4962 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03051048 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nucleic Acids Res Subsets: MEDLINE

The real da Vinci code.

Authors: Stone R

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2026 Jan 08; Vol. 391 (6781), pp. 118-123. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jan 08.

Publication Type: News

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

An archaeal genetic code with all TAG codons as pyrrolysine.

Authors: Kivenson V Peters SL Borrel G et al.

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2025 Nov 20; Vol. 390 (6775), pp. eadu2404. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Nov 20.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

The archaeal genetic code with all UAG codons as pyrrolysine might be an ancestral and not derived trait: the non-monophyletic origin of the genetic code.

Authors: Di Giulio M; The Ionian School, Early Evolution of Life Department, Genetic Code and tRNA Origin Laboratory, Via Roma 19, Alfedena, L'Aquila, 67030, Italy. Electronic address: massimodigiulio1952@gmail.com.

Source: Bio Systems [Biosystems] 2026 May; Vol. 263, pp. 105787. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 14.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0430773 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-8324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03032647 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biosystems Subsets: MEDLINE

Experimental verification of the error minimization theory using non-standard genetic codes constructed in vitro.

Authors: Miyachi R Ichihashi N

Source: ELife [Elife] 2026 Jul 13; Vol. 15. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Jul 13.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: eLife Sciences Publications, Ltd Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101579614 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2050-084X (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 2050084X NLM ISO Abbreviation: Elife Subsets: MEDLINE

Symmetries of the standard genetic code at the first stage of its evolution.

Authors: Filatov F; I.I.Mechnikov Research Institute of Vaccines and Sera of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Maly Kazyonny pereulok, 5a, Moscow, 105064, Russian Federation; N.F.Gamaleya National Research Center for Epidemiology and Microbiology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation, Gamaleya street, 18, Moscow, 123098, Russian Federation. Electronic address: ffelix001@gmail.com.

Source: Bio Systems [Biosystems] 2026 Jul; Vol. 265, pp. 105810. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 09.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0430773 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-8324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03032647 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biosystems Subsets: MEDLINE

Cold Orthogonal Translation: A Psychrophilic Pyrrolysyl-tRNA Synthetase Boosts Genetic Code Expansion in E. coli.

Authors: Koch NG Goettig P Nash MA et al.

Source: Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) [Adv Sci (Weinh)] 2026 Jul; Vol. 13 (38), pp. e13600. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 15.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: WILEY-VCH Country of Publication: Germany NLM ID: 101664569 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2198-3844 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 21983844 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Adv Sci (Weinh) Subsets: MEDLINE

Intrinsic bias of the genetic code shapes the folding and stability landscapes of microproteins.

Authors: Guo Y Qin T Luo J et al.

Source: Molecular cell [Mol Cell] 2026 Jun 04; Vol. 86 (11), pp. 2173-2190.e11. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 19.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Cell Press Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 9802571 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1097-4164 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 10972765 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Mol Cell Subsets: MEDLINE

Genetic encoding of multiple distinct noncanonical amino acids.

Authors: Yu W Fang Y Lin S et al.

Source: Trends in biochemical sciences [Trends Biochem Sci] 2026 Jun; Vol. 51 (6), pp. 620-634. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Apr 25.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review; Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Trends Journals Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 7610674 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 0968-0004 (Print) Linking ISSN: 09680004 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Trends Biochem Sci Subsets: MEDLINE

Advancing Genetic Code Expansion in Live Cells Through Metabolic Engineering.

Authors: Wyllis DR Gupta SP Anderson SR et al.

Source: Annual review of chemical and biomolecular engineering [Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng] 2026 Jun; Vol. 17 (1), pp. 45-69. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 Mar 02.

Publication Type: Journal Article; Review

Journal Info: Publisher: Annual Reviews Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101574034 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1947-5446 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 19475438 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Annu Rev Chem Biomol Eng Subsets: MEDLINE

Nature of codes and codes of nature: A short excursion into the past and the future of the biological codes.

Authors: Jurková B Lacková Ľ

Source: Bio Systems [Biosystems] 2026 Jul; Vol. 265, pp. 105804. Date of Electronic Publication: 2026 May 05.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Elsevier Science Ireland Country of Publication: Ireland NLM ID: 0430773 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1872-8324 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 03032647 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Biosystems Subsets: MEDLINE

Escherichia coli with a 57-codon genetic code.

Authors: Robertson WE Rehm FBH Spinck M et al.

Source: Science (New York, N.Y.) [Science] 2025 Oct 23; Vol. 390 (6771), pp. eady4368. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 23.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: American Association for the Advancement of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 0404511 Publication Model: Print-Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1095-9203 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 00368075 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Science Subsets: MEDLINE

Expanded diversity of pedinophytes provides a window into the evolution of the genetic code in organelles.

Authors: Barcytė D Žihala D Eliáš M

Source: PLoS genetics [PLoS Genet] 2025 Oct 22; Vol. 21 (10), pp. e1011901. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Oct 22 (Print Publication: 2025).

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Public Library of Science Country of Publication: United States NLM ID: 101239074 Publication Model: eCollection Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 1553-7404 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 15537390 NLM ISO Abbreviation: PLoS Genet Subsets: MEDLINE

A robust platform streamlining aromatic noncanonical amino acid biosynthesis and genetic code expansion in Escherichia coli.

Authors: Zhang J Yu K Xu Y et al.

Source: Nature communications [Nat Commun] 2025 Sep 29; Vol. 16 (1), pp. 8605. Date of Electronic Publication: 2025 Sep 29.

Publication Type: Journal Article

Journal Info: Publisher: Nature Pub. Group Country of Publication: England NLM ID: 101528555 Publication Model: Electronic Cited Medium: Internet ISSN: 2041-1723 (Electronic) Linking ISSN: 20411723 NLM ISO Abbreviation: Nat Commun Subsets: MEDLINE