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Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production.

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Title: Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production.
Authors: Kapnopoulos, Christos1, Mekeridis, Evangelos D.2, Tzounis, Lazaros1 ltzounis@physics.auth.gr, Polyzoidis, Christos1, Zachariadis, Alexandros1, Tsimikli, Sofia1,2, Gravalidis, Christoforos1, Laskarakis, Argiris1, Vouroutzis, Nikolaos1, Logothetidis, Stergios1 logot@auth.gr
Source: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. Jan2016, Vol. 144, p724-731. 8p.
Subject Terms: Intaglio printing, Photovoltaic effect, Microfabrication, Zinc oxide, Silver nanoparticles
Abstract: In this work, we describe a novel approach for the fabrication of flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with an inverted architecture by a versatile and scalable gravure printing process. The printing has been carried out using a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) lab scale proofer, while all the printing steps were performed in ambient conditions and were optimized for each of the OPV layers. Commercially available zinc oxide (ZnO) ink was used as the electron transport (ETL) layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blend comprised the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene:poly(styrenesulfonic-acid) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink was used as the top contact electrode. The four OPV layers have been successively printed on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrate using the same printing parameters, allowing the high production throughput in a roll-to-roll (R2R) printing process. The printed OPV modules have size of 45 cm 2 with an active area of 8 cm 2 composed of 8 interconnected cells and exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.22%. The printing parameters were optimized by the contribution from extensive morphological characterization carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), as well as from Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) for the determination of the printed layers thickness, optical properties and photoactive layer blend morphology. The above approach revealed the required printing parameters for the further optimization of the layer interface, morphology, thickness and substrate properties in order to implement the above methodology for large-scale manufacturing of flexible OPVs by a R2R process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kapnopoulos%2C+Christos%22">Kapnopoulos, Christos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mekeridis%2C+Evangelos+D%2E%22">Mekeridis, Evangelos D.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tzounis%2C+Lazaros%22">Tzounis, Lazaros</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ltzounis@physics.auth.gr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Polyzoidis%2C+Christos%22">Polyzoidis, Christos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zachariadis%2C+Alexandros%22">Zachariadis, Alexandros</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tsimikli%2C+Sofia%22">Tsimikli, Sofia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gravalidis%2C+Christoforos%22">Gravalidis, Christoforos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Laskarakis%2C+Argiris%22">Laskarakis, Argiris</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vouroutzis%2C+Nikolaos%22">Vouroutzis, Nikolaos</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Logothetidis%2C+Stergios%22">Logothetidis, Stergios</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> logot@auth.gr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Solar+Energy+Materials+%26+Solar+Cells%22">Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells</searchLink>. Jan2016, Vol. 144, p724-731. 8p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Intaglio+printing%22">Intaglio printing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+effect%22">Photovoltaic effect</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microfabrication%22">Microfabrication</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Zinc+oxide%22">Zinc oxide</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Silver+nanoparticles%22">Silver nanoparticles</searchLink>
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  Data: In this work, we describe a novel approach for the fabrication of flexible organic photovoltaic (OPV) modules with an inverted architecture by a versatile and scalable gravure printing process. The printing has been carried out using a sheet-to-sheet (S2S) lab scale proofer, while all the printing steps were performed in ambient conditions and were optimized for each of the OPV layers. Commercially available zinc oxide (ZnO) ink was used as the electron transport (ETL) layer, poly(3-hexylthiophene):[6,6]-phenyl C61 butyric acid methyl ester (P3HT:PCBM) blend comprised the bulk heterojunction (BHJ) photoactive layer, poly-3,4-ethylenedioxy-thiophene:poly(styrenesulfonic-acid) (PEDOT:PSS) was used as the hole transport layer (HTL), and silver (Ag) nanoparticle ink was used as the top contact electrode. The four OPV layers have been successively printed on indium tin oxide (ITO) coated polyethylene terephthalate (PET) flexible substrate using the same printing parameters, allowing the high production throughput in a roll-to-roll (R2R) printing process. The printed OPV modules have size of 45 cm 2 with an active area of 8 cm 2 composed of 8 interconnected cells and exhibited a maximum power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 2.22%. The printing parameters were optimized by the contribution from extensive morphological characterization carried out by scanning and transmission electron microscopy (SEM, TEM), as well as from Spectroscopic Ellipsometry (SE) for the determination of the printed layers thickness, optical properties and photoactive layer blend morphology. The above approach revealed the required printing parameters for the further optimization of the layer interface, morphology, thickness and substrate properties in order to implement the above methodology for large-scale manufacturing of flexible OPVs by a R2R process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.solmat.2015.10.021
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 8
        StartPage: 724
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Intaglio printing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic effect
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microfabrication
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      – SubjectFull: Zinc oxide
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Silver nanoparticles
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      – TitleFull: Fully gravure printed organic photovoltaic modules: A straightforward process with a high potential for large scale production.
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              Text: Jan2016
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