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Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Dementia Incidence in Northern Sweden: A Longitudinal Study.

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Title: Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Dementia Incidence in Northern Sweden: A Longitudinal Study.
Authors: Oudin, Anna1, Forsberg, Bertil1 bertil.forsberg@envmed.umu.se, Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin2, Lind, Nina3, Modig, Lars1, Nordin, Maria3, Nordin, Steven3, Adolfsson, Rolf2, Nilsson, Lars-Göran4,5
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Mar2016, Vol. 124 Issue 3, p306-312. 7p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 1 Map.
Subject Terms: *Air pollution, *Motor vehicles, *Nitrogen oxides, Dementia risk factors, Alzheimer's disease, Confidence intervals, Dementia, Interviewing, Lewy body dementia, Longitudinal method, Maps, Research methodology, Parkinson's disease, Regression analysis, Research funding, Comorbidity, Socioeconomic factors, Educational attainment, Body mass index, Proportional hazards models, Physical activity, Descriptive statistics, Kaplan-Meier estimator
Geographic Terms: Sweden
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution is suspected to cause cognitive effects, but a prospective cohort is needed to study exposure to air pollution at the home address and the incidence of dementia. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and dementia incidence in a major city in northern Sweden. METHODS: Data on dementia incidence over a 15-year period were obtained from the longitudinal Betula study. Traffic air pollution exposure was assessed using a land-use regression model with a spatial resolution of 50 m x 50 m. Annual mean nitrogen oxide levels at the residential address of the participants at baseline (the start of follow-up) were used as markers for long-term exposure to air pollution. RESULTS: Out of 1,806 participants at baseline, 191 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease during follow-up, and 111 were diagnosed with vascular dementia. Participants in the group with the highest exposure were more likely than those in the group with the lowest exposure to be diagnosed with dementia (Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.43 (95% CI: 0.998, 2.05 for the highest vs. the lowest quartile). The estimates were similar for Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.38) and vascular dementia (HR 1.47). The HR for dementia associated with the third quartile versus the lowest quartile was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.11). A subanalysis that excluded a younger sample that had been retested after only 5 years of follow-up suggested stronger associations with exposure than were present in the full cohort (HR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.73 for the highest vs. the lowest quartile). CONCLUSIONS: If the associations we observed are causal, then air pollution from traffic might be an important risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Dementia Incidence in Northern Sweden: A Longitudinal Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oudin%2C+Anna%22">Oudin, Anna</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forsberg%2C+Bertil%22">Forsberg, Bertil</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> bertil.forsberg@envmed.umu.se</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adolfsson%2C+Annelie+Nordin%22">Adolfsson, Annelie Nordin</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lind%2C+Nina%22">Lind, Nina</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modig%2C+Lars%22">Modig, Lars</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nordin%2C+Maria%22">Nordin, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nordin%2C+Steven%22">Nordin, Steven</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adolfsson%2C+Rolf%22">Adolfsson, Rolf</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nilsson%2C+Lars-Göran%22">Nilsson, Lars-Göran</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Mar2016, Vol. 124 Issue 3, p306-312. 7p. 1 Diagram, 4 Charts, 1 Map.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Motor+vehicles%22">Motor vehicles</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen+oxides%22">Nitrogen oxides</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dementia+risk+factors%22">Dementia risk factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Alzheimer's+disease%22">Alzheimer's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dementia%22">Dementia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interviewing%22">Interviewing</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lewy+body+dementia%22">Lewy body dementia</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maps%22">Maps</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+methodology%22">Research methodology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Parkinson's+disease%22">Parkinson's disease</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Comorbidity%22">Comorbidity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Socioeconomic+factors%22">Socioeconomic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Educational+attainment%22">Educational attainment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Body+mass+index%22">Body mass index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Proportional+hazards+models%22">Proportional hazards models</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+activity%22">Physical activity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Kaplan-Meier+estimator%22">Kaplan-Meier estimator</searchLink>
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: BACKGROUND: Exposure to ambient air pollution is suspected to cause cognitive effects, but a prospective cohort is needed to study exposure to air pollution at the home address and the incidence of dementia. OBJECTIVES: We aimed to assess the association between long-term exposure to traffic-related air pollution and dementia incidence in a major city in northern Sweden. METHODS: Data on dementia incidence over a 15-year period were obtained from the longitudinal Betula study. Traffic air pollution exposure was assessed using a land-use regression model with a spatial resolution of 50 m x 50 m. Annual mean nitrogen oxide levels at the residential address of the participants at baseline (the start of follow-up) were used as markers for long-term exposure to air pollution. RESULTS: Out of 1,806 participants at baseline, 191 were diagnosed with Alzheimer's disease during follow-up, and 111 were diagnosed with vascular dementia. Participants in the group with the highest exposure were more likely than those in the group with the lowest exposure to be diagnosed with dementia (Alzheimer's disease or vascular dementia), with a hazard ratio (HR) of 1.43 (95% CI: 0.998, 2.05 for the highest vs. the lowest quartile). The estimates were similar for Alzheimer's disease (HR 1.38) and vascular dementia (HR 1.47). The HR for dementia associated with the third quartile versus the lowest quartile was 1.48 (95% CI: 1.03, 2.11). A subanalysis that excluded a younger sample that had been retested after only 5 years of follow-up suggested stronger associations with exposure than were present in the full cohort (HR = 1.71; 95% CI: 1.08, 2.73 for the highest vs. the lowest quartile). CONCLUSIONS: If the associations we observed are causal, then air pollution from traffic might be an important risk factor for vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/ehp.1408322
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 7
        StartPage: 306
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      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Motor vehicles
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen oxides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dementia risk factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Alzheimer's disease
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dementia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interviewing
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lewy body dementia
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maps
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research methodology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Parkinson's disease
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Educational attainment
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      – SubjectFull: Body mass index
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      – SubjectFull: Kaplan-Meier estimator
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sweden
        Type: general
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              Text: Mar2016
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