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Increased depth to the water table during river drying decreases the resilience of Gammarus pulex and alters ecosystem function.

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Title: Increased depth to the water table during river drying decreases the resilience of Gammarus pulex and alters ecosystem function.
Authors: Vander Vorste, Ross1 ross.vandervorste@gmail.com, Mermillod‐Blondin, F.2, Hervant, F.2, Mons, R.1, Forcellini, M.1, Datry, T.1
Source: Ecohydrology. Oct2016, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1177-1186. 10p.
Subject Terms: *River ecology, *Benthic animals, *Ecosystem management, Drying, Ecological resilience, Gammarus pulex
Abstract: River drying has drastic immediate effects on benthic invertebrates, but their high resilience reduces long-term effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions (e.g. leaf litter decomposition). The hyporheic zone (saturated sediments below the riverbed) can be a refuge for invertebrates in dry rivers and a primary source of colonists supporting population resilience following flow resumption. However, factors such as the depth to the water table below the riverbed, which could determine the quality of the hyporheic refuge, are not well understood. We explored how depth to the water table (control, −5 cm, −30 cm and completely dry) during a 1-week drying event affected the survival and return to the substrate surface (%RTS) of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea : Amphipoda) using laboratory mesocosms. We measured litter decomposition and Gammarus energy stores to examine effects on ecosystem function and energetic costs for organisms crawling deeper into the hyporheic zone. Two populations, collected from intermittent and perennial rivers, were used to evaluate inter-population variability in response to drying. Survival and %RTS were reduced by ≤39% and 52%, respectively, in the −30 cm and dry treatments, and this had consequences for decomposition (≤46% reduction). Differences between populations in %RTS were high across treatments but did not generally affect survival and decomposition. Our results suggest that increases in depth to the water table during river drying, which often result from longer drying duration and water abstraction, could reduce invertebrate resilience and litter decomposition by diminishing the role of the hyporheic zone as a source of colonists. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecohydrology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Increased depth to the water table during river drying decreases the resilience of Gammarus pulex and alters ecosystem function.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vander+Vorste%2C+Ross%22">Vander Vorste, Ross</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> ross.vandervorste@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mermillod‐Blondin%2C+F%2E%22">Mermillod‐Blondin, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hervant%2C+F%2E%22">Hervant, F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mons%2C+R%2E%22">Mons, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forcellini%2C+M%2E%22">Forcellini, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Datry%2C+T%2E%22">Datry, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecohydrology%22">Ecohydrology</searchLink>. Oct2016, Vol. 9 Issue 7, p1177-1186. 10p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22River+ecology%22">River ecology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Benthic+animals%22">Benthic animals</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecosystem+management%22">Ecosystem management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Drying%22">Drying</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecological+resilience%22">Ecological resilience</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gammarus+pulex%22">Gammarus pulex</searchLink>
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  Data: River drying has drastic immediate effects on benthic invertebrates, but their high resilience reduces long-term effects on biodiversity and ecosystem functions (e.g. leaf litter decomposition). The hyporheic zone (saturated sediments below the riverbed) can be a refuge for invertebrates in dry rivers and a primary source of colonists supporting population resilience following flow resumption. However, factors such as the depth to the water table below the riverbed, which could determine the quality of the hyporheic refuge, are not well understood. We explored how depth to the water table (control, −5 cm, −30 cm and completely dry) during a 1-week drying event affected the survival and return to the substrate surface (%RTS) of Gammarus pulex (Crustacea : Amphipoda) using laboratory mesocosms. We measured litter decomposition and Gammarus energy stores to examine effects on ecosystem function and energetic costs for organisms crawling deeper into the hyporheic zone. Two populations, collected from intermittent and perennial rivers, were used to evaluate inter-population variability in response to drying. Survival and %RTS were reduced by ≤39% and 52%, respectively, in the −30 cm and dry treatments, and this had consequences for decomposition (≤46% reduction). Differences between populations in %RTS were high across treatments but did not generally affect survival and decomposition. Our results suggest that increases in depth to the water table during river drying, which often result from longer drying duration and water abstraction, could reduce invertebrate resilience and litter decomposition by diminishing the role of the hyporheic zone as a source of colonists. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecohydrology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Ecological resilience
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      – SubjectFull: Gammarus pulex
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      – TitleFull: Increased depth to the water table during river drying decreases the resilience of Gammarus pulex and alters ecosystem function.
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