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Enhancing the spatial rainfall uniformity of pressurized nozzle simulators.

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Title: Enhancing the spatial rainfall uniformity of pressurized nozzle simulators.
Authors: Silveira, Alexandre1,2,3,4 alesilveira72@gmail.com, Isidoro, Jorge M. G. P.1,2,3,4 jisidoro@ualg.pt, de Deus, Fábio P.1,2,3,4 fabio.inea@gmail.com, dos Reis, Simone Siqueira1,2,3,4 ssreis.eng@gmail.com, Silva, Antônio Marciano da1,2,3,4 antonio.marciano@unifal-mg.edu.br, Gonçalves, Flávio A.1,2,3,4 flaviounifalmg@gmail.com, Menezes, Paulo Henrique Bretanha Junker1,2,3,4 phjunker@gmail.com, Tiezzi, Rafael de O.1,2,3,4 rtiezzi@gmail.com
Source: Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal. 2017, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p17-31. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Hydrology, Rainfall simulators, Nozzles
Abstract: Purpose Rainfall simulators are used on experimental hydrology, in areas such as, e.g., urban drainage and soil erosion, with important timesaving when compared to real scale hydrological monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to increase the quality of rainfall simulation, namely, for its use with scaled physical models.Design/methodology/approach Two pressurized rainfall simulators are considered. M1 uses three HH-W 1/4 FullJet nozzles under an operating pressure of 166.76 kPa and was tested over a 4.00 m length by 2.00 m width V-shaped surface. M2 was prepared to produce artificial rainfall over an area of 10.00 m length by 10.00 m width. The spatial distribution of rainfall produced from a single nozzle was characterized in order to theoretically find the best positioning for nozzles to cover the full 100 m2 area with the best possible rainfall uniformity.Findings Experiments with M1 led to an average rainfall intensity of 76.77-82.25 mm h−1 with a 24.88 per cent variation coefficient and a Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) of 78.86 per cent. The best result with M2 was an average rainfall intensity of 75.12-76.83 mm h−1 with a 21.23 per cent variation coefficient and a CUC of 83.05 per cent.Practical implications This study contributes to increase the quality of artificial rainfall produced by pressurized rainfall simulators.Originality/value M2 is the largest rainfall simulator known by the authors worldwide. Its use on rainfall-runoff studies (e.g. urban areas, erosion, pollutant transport) will allow for a better understanding of complex surface hydrology processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Enhancing the spatial rainfall uniformity of pressurized nozzle simulators.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silveira%2C+Alexandre%22">Silveira, Alexandre</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> alesilveira72@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Isidoro%2C+Jorge+M%2E+G%2E+P%2E%22">Isidoro, Jorge M. G. P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> jisidoro@ualg.pt</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Deus%2C+Fábio+P%2E%22">de Deus, Fábio P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> fabio.inea@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22dos+Reis%2C+Simone+Siqueira%22">dos Reis, Simone Siqueira</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> ssreis.eng@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silva%2C+Antônio+Marciano+da%22">Silva, Antônio Marciano da</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> antonio.marciano@unifal-mg.edu.br</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gonçalves%2C+Flávio+A%2E%22">Gonçalves, Flávio A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> flaviounifalmg@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Menezes%2C+Paulo+Henrique+Bretanha+Junker%22">Menezes, Paulo Henrique Bretanha Junker</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> phjunker@gmail.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tiezzi%2C+Rafael+de+O%2E%22">Tiezzi, Rafael de O.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><i> rtiezzi@gmail.com</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Management+of+Environmental+Quality%3A+An+International+Journal%22">Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal</searchLink>. 2017, Vol. 28 Issue 1, p17-31. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrology%22">Hydrology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rainfall+simulators%22">Rainfall simulators</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nozzles%22">Nozzles</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Purpose Rainfall simulators are used on experimental hydrology, in areas such as, e.g., urban drainage and soil erosion, with important timesaving when compared to real scale hydrological monitoring. The purpose of this paper is to contribute to increase the quality of rainfall simulation, namely, for its use with scaled physical models.Design/methodology/approach Two pressurized rainfall simulators are considered. M1 uses three HH-W 1/4 FullJet nozzles under an operating pressure of 166.76 kPa and was tested over a 4.00 m length by 2.00 m width V-shaped surface. M2 was prepared to produce artificial rainfall over an area of 10.00 m length by 10.00 m width. The spatial distribution of rainfall produced from a single nozzle was characterized in order to theoretically find the best positioning for nozzles to cover the full 100 m2 area with the best possible rainfall uniformity.Findings Experiments with M1 led to an average rainfall intensity of 76.77-82.25 mm h−1 with a 24.88 per cent variation coefficient and a Christiansen Uniformity Coefficient (CUC) of 78.86 per cent. The best result with M2 was an average rainfall intensity of 75.12-76.83 mm h−1 with a 21.23 per cent variation coefficient and a CUC of 83.05 per cent.Practical implications This study contributes to increase the quality of artificial rainfall produced by pressurized rainfall simulators.Originality/value M2 is the largest rainfall simulator known by the authors worldwide. Its use on rainfall-runoff studies (e.g. urban areas, erosion, pollutant transport) will allow for a better understanding of complex surface hydrology processes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Management of Environmental Quality: An International Journal is the property of Emerald Publishing Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1108/MEQ-07-2015-0140
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
        StartPage: 17
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Hydrology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rainfall simulators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nozzles
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              Text: 2017
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