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Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Mortality: A Health Impact Assessment for Cities.

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Title: Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Mortality: A Health Impact Assessment for Cities.
Authors: Mueller, Natalie1,2,3 natalie.mueller@isglobal.org, Rojas-Rueda, David1,2,3, Basagaña, Xavier1,2,3, Cirach, Marta1,2,3, Cole-Hunter, Tom1,2,3, Dadvand, Payam1,2,3, Donaire-Gonzalez, David1,2,3,4, Foraster, Maria5,6, Gascon, Mireia1,2,3, Martinez, David1,2,3, Tonne, Cathryn1,2,3, Triguero-Mas, Margarita1,2,3, Valentín, Antònia1,2,3, Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark1,2,3
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Jan2017, Vol. 125 Issue 1, p89-96. 8p. 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 1 Map.
Subject Terms: *Health impact assessment, *Environmental exposure, *Traffic flow, *Green infrastructure, *Air pollution, Urban planning & health, Transportation planning, Mortality, City noise, Management, Physical activity, Confidence intervals, Heat, Metropolitan areas, Noise, Probability theory, Research funding, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Odds ratio
Geographic Terms: Spain
Abstract: BACKGROUND: By 2050, nearly 70% of the global population is projected to live in urban areas. Because the environments we inhabit affect our health, urban and transport designs that promote healthy living are needed. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the number of premature deaths preventable under compliance with international exposure recommendations for physical activity (PA), air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces. METHODS: We developed and applied the Urban and TranspOrt Planning Health Impact Assessment (UTOPHIA) tool to Barcelona, Spain. Exposure estimates and mortality data were available for 1,357,361 residents. We compared recommended with current exposure levels. We quantified the associations between exposures and mortality and calculated population attributable fractions to estimate the number of premature deaths preventable. We also modeled life-expectancy and economic impacts. RESULTS: We estimated that annually, nearly 20% of mortality could be prevented if international recommendations for performance of PA; exposure to air pollution, noise, and heat; and access to green space were followed. Estimations showed that the greatest portion of preventable deaths was attributable to increases in PA, followed by reductions of exposure to air pollution, traffic noise, and heat. Access to green spaces had smaller effects on mortality. Compliance was estimated to increase the average life expectancy by 360 (95% CI: 219, 493) days and result in economic savings of 9.3 (95% CI: 4.9, 13.2) billion EUR/year. CONCLUSIONS: PA factors and environmental exposures can be modified by changes in urban and transport planning. We emphasize the need for a) the reduction of motorized traffic through the promotion of active and public transport and b) the provision of green infrastructure, both of which are suggested to provide opportunities for PA and for mitigation of air pollution, noise, and heat. CITATION: Mueller N, Rojas-Rueda D, Basagaña X, Cirach M, Cole-Hunter T, Dadvand P, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Foraster M, Gascon M, Martinez D, Tonne C, Triguero-Mas M, Valentin A, Nieuwenhuijsen M. 2017. Urban and transport planning related exposures and mortality: a health impact assessment for cities. Environ Health Perspect 125:89 -- 96; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP220 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Urban and Transport Planning Related Exposures and Mortality: A Health Impact Assessment for Cities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mueller%2C+Natalie%22">Mueller, Natalie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> natalie.mueller@isglobal.org</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rojas-Rueda%2C+David%22">Rojas-Rueda, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Basagaña%2C+Xavier%22">Basagaña, Xavier</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cirach%2C+Marta%22">Cirach, Marta</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cole-Hunter%2C+Tom%22">Cole-Hunter, Tom</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dadvand%2C+Payam%22">Dadvand, Payam</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Donaire-Gonzalez%2C+David%22">Donaire-Gonzalez, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Foraster%2C+Maria%22">Foraster, Maria</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gascon%2C+Mireia%22">Gascon, Mireia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martinez%2C+David%22">Martinez, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tonne%2C+Cathryn%22">Tonne, Cathryn</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Triguero-Mas%2C+Margarita%22">Triguero-Mas, Margarita</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valentín%2C+Antònia%22">Valentín, Antònia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nieuwenhuijsen%2C+Mark%22">Nieuwenhuijsen, Mark</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Jan2017, Vol. 125 Issue 1, p89-96. 8p. 2 Diagrams, 2 Charts, 1 Graph, 1 Map.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Health+impact+assessment%22">Health impact assessment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Traffic+flow%22">Traffic flow</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Green+infrastructure%22">Green infrastructure</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+planning+%26+health%22">Urban planning & health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Transportation+planning%22">Transportation planning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mortality%22">Mortality</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22City+noise%22">City noise</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Management%22">Management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+activity%22">Physical activity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Heat%22">Heat</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Metropolitan+areas%22">Metropolitan areas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Noise%22">Noise</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Probability+theory%22">Probability theory</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Odds+ratio%22">Odds ratio</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Spain%22">Spain</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: BACKGROUND: By 2050, nearly 70% of the global population is projected to live in urban areas. Because the environments we inhabit affect our health, urban and transport designs that promote healthy living are needed. OBJECTIVE: We estimated the number of premature deaths preventable under compliance with international exposure recommendations for physical activity (PA), air pollution, noise, heat, and access to green spaces. METHODS: We developed and applied the Urban and TranspOrt Planning Health Impact Assessment (UTOPHIA) tool to Barcelona, Spain. Exposure estimates and mortality data were available for 1,357,361 residents. We compared recommended with current exposure levels. We quantified the associations between exposures and mortality and calculated population attributable fractions to estimate the number of premature deaths preventable. We also modeled life-expectancy and economic impacts. RESULTS: We estimated that annually, nearly 20% of mortality could be prevented if international recommendations for performance of PA; exposure to air pollution, noise, and heat; and access to green space were followed. Estimations showed that the greatest portion of preventable deaths was attributable to increases in PA, followed by reductions of exposure to air pollution, traffic noise, and heat. Access to green spaces had smaller effects on mortality. Compliance was estimated to increase the average life expectancy by 360 (95% CI: 219, 493) days and result in economic savings of 9.3 (95% CI: 4.9, 13.2) billion EUR/year. CONCLUSIONS: PA factors and environmental exposures can be modified by changes in urban and transport planning. We emphasize the need for a) the reduction of motorized traffic through the promotion of active and public transport and b) the provision of green infrastructure, both of which are suggested to provide opportunities for PA and for mitigation of air pollution, noise, and heat. CITATION: Mueller N, Rojas-Rueda D, Basagaña X, Cirach M, Cole-Hunter T, Dadvand P, Donaire-Gonzalez D, Foraster M, Gascon M, Martinez D, Tonne C, Triguero-Mas M, Valentin A, Nieuwenhuijsen M. 2017. Urban and transport planning related exposures and mortality: a health impact assessment for cities. Environ Health Perspect 125:89 -- 96; http://dx.doi. org/10.1289/EHP220 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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