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Factors controlling particle number concentration and size at metro stations.

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Title: Factors controlling particle number concentration and size at metro stations.
Authors: Reche, C.1 cristina.reche@idaea.csic.es, Moreno, T.1, Martins, V.1, Minguillón, M.C.1, Jones, T.2, de Miguel, E.3, Capdevila, M.3, Centelles, S.3, Querol, X.1
Source: Atmospheric Environment. May2017, Vol. 156, p169-181. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Air quality, *Particle size distribution, *Emissions (Air pollution), *Ventilation, Railroad terminals -- Design & construction
Abstract: An extensive air quality campaign was performed at differently designed station platforms in the Barcelona metro system, aiming to investigate the factors governing airborne particle number (N) concentrations and their size distributions. The study of the daily trends of N concentrations by different size ranges shows that concentrations of N 0.3–10 are closely related with the schedule of the metro service. Conversely, the hourly variation of N 0.007–10 (mainly composed of ultrafine particles) could be partly governed by the entrance of particles from outdoor emissions through mechanical ventilation. Measurements under different ventilation settings at three metro platforms reveal that the effect on air quality linked to changes in the tunnel ventilation depends on the station design. Night-time maintenance works in tunnels are frequent activities in the metro system; and after intense prolonged works, these can result in higher N concentrations at platforms during the following metro operating hours (by up to 30%), this being especially evident for N 1–10 . Due to the complex mixture of factors controlling N, together with the differences in trends recorded for particles within different size ranges, developing an air quality strategy at metro systems is a great challenge. When compared to street-level urban particles concentrations, the priority in metro air quality should be dealing with particles coarser than 0.3 μm. In fact, the results suggest that at narrow platforms served by single-track tunnels the current forced tunnel ventilation during operating hours is less efficient in reducing coarse particles compared to fine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Factors controlling particle number concentration and size at metro stations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reche%2C+C%2E%22">Reche, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> cristina.reche@idaea.csic.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moreno%2C+T%2E%22">Moreno, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martins%2C+V%2E%22">Martins, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Minguillón%2C+M%2EC%2E%22">Minguillón, M.C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jones%2C+T%2E%22">Jones, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22de+Miguel%2C+E%2E%22">de Miguel, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Capdevila%2C+M%2E%22">Capdevila, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Centelles%2C+S%2E%22">Centelles, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Querol%2C+X%2E%22">Querol, X.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Atmospheric+Environment%22">Atmospheric Environment</searchLink>. May2017, Vol. 156, p169-181. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+quality%22">Air quality</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+distribution%22">Particle size distribution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Emissions+%28Air+pollution%29%22">Emissions (Air pollution)</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ventilation%22">Ventilation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Railroad+terminals+--+Design+%26+construction%22">Railroad terminals -- Design & construction</searchLink>
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  Data: An extensive air quality campaign was performed at differently designed station platforms in the Barcelona metro system, aiming to investigate the factors governing airborne particle number (N) concentrations and their size distributions. The study of the daily trends of N concentrations by different size ranges shows that concentrations of N 0.3–10 are closely related with the schedule of the metro service. Conversely, the hourly variation of N 0.007–10 (mainly composed of ultrafine particles) could be partly governed by the entrance of particles from outdoor emissions through mechanical ventilation. Measurements under different ventilation settings at three metro platforms reveal that the effect on air quality linked to changes in the tunnel ventilation depends on the station design. Night-time maintenance works in tunnels are frequent activities in the metro system; and after intense prolonged works, these can result in higher N concentrations at platforms during the following metro operating hours (by up to 30%), this being especially evident for N 1–10 . Due to the complex mixture of factors controlling N, together with the differences in trends recorded for particles within different size ranges, developing an air quality strategy at metro systems is a great challenge. When compared to street-level urban particles concentrations, the priority in metro air quality should be dealing with particles coarser than 0.3 μm. In fact, the results suggest that at narrow platforms served by single-track tunnels the current forced tunnel ventilation during operating hours is less efficient in reducing coarse particles compared to fine. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.03.002
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Particle size distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Emissions (Air pollution)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ventilation
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      – SubjectFull: Railroad terminals -- Design & construction
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              Text: May2017
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