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Updated Global Estimates of Respiratory Mortality in Adults ≥30 Years of Age Attributable to Long-Term Ozone Exposure.

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Title: Updated Global Estimates of Respiratory Mortality in Adults ≥30 Years of Age Attributable to Long-Term Ozone Exposure.
Authors: Malley, Christopher S.1 chris.malley@york.ac.uk, Henze, Daven K.2, Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I.1, Vallack, Harry W.1, Davila, Yanko2, Anenberg, Susan C.3, Turner, Michelle C.4,5,6,7, Ashmore, Mike R.1
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Aug2017, Vol. 125 Issue 8, p1-9. 9p. 2 Charts, 2 Maps.
Subject Terms: *Communicable diseases, *Ozone, *World health, *Environmental exposure, Confidence intervals, Population geography, Research funding, Respiratory diseases, Statistics, Secondary analysis, Relative medical risk, Data analysis software, Descriptive statistics, Disease risk factors
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Relative risk estimates for long-term ozone (O3) exposure and respiratory mortality from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (ACS CPS-II) cohort have been used to estimate global O3-attributable mortality in adults. Updated relative risk estimates are now available for the same cohort based on an expanded study population with longer follow-up. OBJECTIVES: We estimated the global burden and spatial distribution of respiratory mortality attributable to long-term O3 exposure in adults ≥30 y of age using updated effect estimates from the ACS CPS-II cohort. METHODS: We used GEOS-Chem simulations (2 × 2:5° grid resolution) to estimate annual O3 exposures, and estimated total respiratory deaths in 2010 that were attributable to long-term annual O3 exposure based on the updated relative risk estimates and minimum risk thresholds set at the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the most recent CPS-II analysis. These estimates were compared with attributable mortality based on the earlier CPS-II analysis, using 6-mo average exposures and risk thresholds corresponding to the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the earlier study population. RESULTS: We estimated 1.04-1.23 million respiratory deaths in adults attributable to O3 exposures using the updated relative risk estimate and exposure parameters, compared with 0.40-0.55 million respiratory deaths attributable to O3 exposures based on the earlier CPS-II risk estimate and parameters. Increases in estimated attributable mortality were larger in northern India, southeast China, and Pakistan than in Europe, eastern United States, and northeast China. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the potential magnitude of health benefits of air quality policies targeting O3, health co-benefits of climate mitigation policies, and health implications of climate change-driven changes in O3 concentrations, are larger than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Updated Global Estimates of Respiratory Mortality in Adults ≥30 Years of Age Attributable to Long-Term Ozone Exposure.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Malley%2C+Christopher+S%2E%22">Malley, Christopher S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> chris.malley@york.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Henze%2C+Daven+K%2E%22">Henze, Daven K.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuylenstierna%2C+Johan+C%2E+I%2E%22">Kuylenstierna, Johan C. I.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vallack%2C+Harry+W%2E%22">Vallack, Harry W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Davila%2C+Yanko%22">Davila, Yanko</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Anenberg%2C+Susan+C%2E%22">Anenberg, Susan C.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Turner%2C+Michelle+C%2E%22">Turner, Michelle C.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5,6,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ashmore%2C+Mike+R%2E%22">Ashmore, Mike R.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Aug2017, Vol. 125 Issue 8, p1-9. 9p. 2 Charts, 2 Maps.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Communicable+diseases%22">Communicable diseases</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ozone%22">Ozone</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22World+health%22">World health</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Population+geography%22">Population geography</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Respiratory+diseases%22">Respiratory diseases</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistics%22">Statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Secondary+analysis%22">Secondary analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Relative+medical+risk%22">Relative medical risk</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Disease+risk+factors%22">Disease risk factors</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Relative risk estimates for long-term ozone (O3) exposure and respiratory mortality from the American Cancer Society Cancer Prevention Study II (ACS CPS-II) cohort have been used to estimate global O3-attributable mortality in adults. Updated relative risk estimates are now available for the same cohort based on an expanded study population with longer follow-up. OBJECTIVES: We estimated the global burden and spatial distribution of respiratory mortality attributable to long-term O3 exposure in adults ≥30 y of age using updated effect estimates from the ACS CPS-II cohort. METHODS: We used GEOS-Chem simulations (2 × 2:5° grid resolution) to estimate annual O3 exposures, and estimated total respiratory deaths in 2010 that were attributable to long-term annual O3 exposure based on the updated relative risk estimates and minimum risk thresholds set at the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the most recent CPS-II analysis. These estimates were compared with attributable mortality based on the earlier CPS-II analysis, using 6-mo average exposures and risk thresholds corresponding to the minimum or fifth percentile of O3 exposure in the earlier study population. RESULTS: We estimated 1.04-1.23 million respiratory deaths in adults attributable to O3 exposures using the updated relative risk estimate and exposure parameters, compared with 0.40-0.55 million respiratory deaths attributable to O3 exposures based on the earlier CPS-II risk estimate and parameters. Increases in estimated attributable mortality were larger in northern India, southeast China, and Pakistan than in Europe, eastern United States, and northeast China. CONCLUSIONS: These findings suggest that the potential magnitude of health benefits of air quality policies targeting O3, health co-benefits of climate mitigation policies, and health implications of climate change-driven changes in O3 concentrations, are larger than previously thought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/EHP1390
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Communicable diseases
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ozone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: World health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
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      – SubjectFull: Population geography
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Respiratory diseases
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      – SubjectFull: Relative medical risk
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      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Disease risk factors
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              Text: Aug2017
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