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Dilution effects on ultrafine particle emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles.

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Title: Dilution effects on ultrafine particle emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles.
Authors: Louis, Cédric1,2, Liu, Yao1 yao.liu@ifsttar.fr, Martinet, Simon1, D'Anna, Barbara3, Valiente, Alvaro Martinez3, Boreave, Antoinette3, R'Mili, Badr3, Tassel, Patrick1, Perret, Pascal1, André, Michel1
Source: Atmospheric Environment. Nov2017, Vol. 169, p80-88. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Diesel automobile emissions, *Automobiles & the environment, *Particle size distribution, *Environmental sampling, Dilution
Abstract: Dilution and temperature used during sampling of vehicle exhaust can modify particle number concentration and size distribution. Two experiments were performed on a chassis dynamometer to assess exhaust dilution and temperature on particle number and particle size distribution for Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles. In the first experiment, the effects of dilution (ratio from 8 to 4 000) and temperature (ranging from 50 °C to 150 °C) on particle quantification were investigated directly from tailpipe for a diesel and a gasoline Euro 5 vehicles. In the second experiment, particle emissions from Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles directly sampled from the tailpipe were compared to the constant volume sampling (CVS) measurements under similar sampling conditions. Low primary dilutions (3–5) induced an increase in particle number concentration by a factor of 2 compared to high primary dilutions (12–20). Low dilution temperatures (50 °C) induced 1.4–3 times higher particle number concentration than high dilution temperatures (150 °C). For the Euro 6 gasoline vehicle with direct injection, constant volume sampling (CVS) particle number concentrations were higher than after the tailpipe by a factor of 6, 80 and 22 for Artemis urban, road and motorway, respectively. For the same vehicle, particle size distribution measured after the tailpipe was centred on 10 nm, and particles were smaller than the ones measured after CVS that was centred between 50 nm and 70 nm. The high particle concentration (≈10 6 #/cm 3 ) and the growth of diameter, measured in the CVS, highlighted aerosol transformations, such as nucleation, condensation and coagulation occurring in the sampling system and this might have biased the particle measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Dilution effects on ultrafine particle emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Louis%2C+Cédric%22">Louis, Cédric</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Yao%22">Liu, Yao</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> yao.liu@ifsttar.fr</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Martinet%2C+Simon%22">Martinet, Simon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Anna%2C+Barbara%22">D'Anna, Barbara</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valiente%2C+Alvaro+Martinez%22">Valiente, Alvaro Martinez</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boreave%2C+Antoinette%22">Boreave, Antoinette</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22R'Mili%2C+Badr%22">R'Mili, Badr</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tassel%2C+Patrick%22">Tassel, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perret%2C+Pascal%22">Perret, Pascal</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22André%2C+Michel%22">André, Michel</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Atmospheric+Environment%22">Atmospheric Environment</searchLink>. Nov2017, Vol. 169, p80-88. 9p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Diesel+automobile+emissions%22">Diesel automobile emissions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Automobiles+%26+the+environment%22">Automobiles & the environment</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+size+distribution%22">Particle size distribution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+sampling%22">Environmental sampling</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dilution%22">Dilution</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Dilution and temperature used during sampling of vehicle exhaust can modify particle number concentration and size distribution. Two experiments were performed on a chassis dynamometer to assess exhaust dilution and temperature on particle number and particle size distribution for Euro 5 and Euro 6 vehicles. In the first experiment, the effects of dilution (ratio from 8 to 4 000) and temperature (ranging from 50 °C to 150 °C) on particle quantification were investigated directly from tailpipe for a diesel and a gasoline Euro 5 vehicles. In the second experiment, particle emissions from Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles directly sampled from the tailpipe were compared to the constant volume sampling (CVS) measurements under similar sampling conditions. Low primary dilutions (3–5) induced an increase in particle number concentration by a factor of 2 compared to high primary dilutions (12–20). Low dilution temperatures (50 °C) induced 1.4–3 times higher particle number concentration than high dilution temperatures (150 °C). For the Euro 6 gasoline vehicle with direct injection, constant volume sampling (CVS) particle number concentrations were higher than after the tailpipe by a factor of 6, 80 and 22 for Artemis urban, road and motorway, respectively. For the same vehicle, particle size distribution measured after the tailpipe was centred on 10 nm, and particles were smaller than the ones measured after CVS that was centred between 50 nm and 70 nm. The high particle concentration (≈10 6 #/cm 3 ) and the growth of diameter, measured in the CVS, highlighted aerosol transformations, such as nucleation, condensation and coagulation occurring in the sampling system and this might have biased the particle measurements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Atmospheric Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.atmosenv.2017.09.007
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 9
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      – SubjectFull: Diesel automobile emissions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Automobiles & the environment
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      – SubjectFull: Particle size distribution
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental sampling
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      – SubjectFull: Dilution
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      – TitleFull: Dilution effects on ultrafine particle emissions from Euro 5 and Euro 6 diesel and gasoline vehicles.
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              Text: Nov2017
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