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How compatible are urban livestock and urban green spaces and trees? An assessment in a medium-sized South African town.

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Title: How compatible are urban livestock and urban green spaces and trees? An assessment in a medium-sized South African town.
Authors: Shackleton, C. M.1 (AUTHOR) c.shackleton@ru.ac.za, Guild, J.1 (AUTHOR), Bromham, B.1 (AUTHOR), Impey, S.1 (AUTHOR), Jarrett, M.1 (AUTHOR), Ngubane, S.1 (AUTHOR), Steijl, K.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development. Dec2017, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p243-252. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Climate change, Urbanization
Abstract: Urban green spaces and trees provide multiple benefits to urban residents and the sustainability of cities. A poorly examined benefit is the provision of fodder to urban livestock. However, the presence and activities of livestock may be incompatible with other uses, although this has been little studied. We examined the impacts of livestock on trees and parks along a gradient of declining livestock density, complemented with a tree planting experiment to monitor damage. Neighbouring residents and park managers were interviewed regarding their perceptions of damage caused by livestock. The negative impacts on soil compaction, tree damage and death increased with increasing livestock densities. Thorny tree species were damaged significantly less (13 %) than non-thorny species (77 %), as were protected trees (25 %) relative to unprotected ones (65 %). There was more tree damage in public green spaces (PUGS) (54 %) than control sites (38 %). The majority of local residents felt that livestock should not be allowed in formal PUGS, and most urban park managers regarded livestock damage as a strong disincentive to plant trees. These results show the need for management of the trade-offs caused by livestock and greater appreciation of livestock as agents shaping aspects of PUGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: How compatible are urban livestock and urban green spaces and trees? An assessment in a medium-sized South African town.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Urban+Sustainable+Development%22">International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development</searchLink>. Dec2017, Vol. 9 Issue 3, p243-252. 10p.
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  Data: Urban green spaces and trees provide multiple benefits to urban residents and the sustainability of cities. A poorly examined benefit is the provision of fodder to urban livestock. However, the presence and activities of livestock may be incompatible with other uses, although this has been little studied. We examined the impacts of livestock on trees and parks along a gradient of declining livestock density, complemented with a tree planting experiment to monitor damage. Neighbouring residents and park managers were interviewed regarding their perceptions of damage caused by livestock. The negative impacts on soil compaction, tree damage and death increased with increasing livestock densities. Thorny tree species were damaged significantly less (13 %) than non-thorny species (77 %), as were protected trees (25 %) relative to unprotected ones (65 %). There was more tree damage in public green spaces (PUGS) (54 %) than control sites (38 %). The majority of local residents felt that livestock should not be allowed in formal PUGS, and most urban park managers regarded livestock damage as a strong disincentive to plant trees. These results show the need for management of the trade-offs caused by livestock and greater appreciation of livestock as agents shaping aspects of PUGS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Urban Sustainable Development is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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