Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Deep Convection Region.

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Title: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Deep Convection Region.
Authors: Kessouri, Faycal1,2,3 kesf@ucla.edu, Ulses, Caroline1, Estournel, Claude1, Marsaleix, Patrick1, Severin, Tatiana4, Pujo‐Pay, Mireille5, Caparros, Jocelyne5, Raimbault, Patrick6, Pasqueron de Fommervault, Orens7, D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio7, Taillandier, Vincent7, Testor, Pierre8, Conan, Pascal5
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. Dec2017, Vol. 122 Issue 12, p9429-9454. 26p.
Abstract: Abstract: The aim of this study is to understand the biogeochemical cycles of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med), where a recurrent spring bloom related to dense water formation occurs. We used a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model at high resolution to simulate realistic 1 year period and analyze the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles. First, the model was evaluated using cruises carried out in winter, spring, and summer and a Bio‐Argo float deployed in spring. Then, the annual cycle of meteorological and hydrodynamical forcing and nutrients stocks in the upper layer were analyzed. Third, the effect of biogeochemical and physical processes on N and P was quantified. Fourth, we quantified the effects of the physical and biological processes on the seasonal changes of the molar NO3:PO4 ratio, particularly high compared to the global ocean. The deep convection reduced the NO3:PO4 ratio of upper waters, but consumption by phytoplankton increased it. Finally, N and P budgets were estimated. At the annual scale, this area constituted a sink of inorganic and a source of organic N and P for the peripheral area. NO3 and PO4 were horizontally advected from the peripheral regions into the intermediate waters (130–800 m) of the deep convection area, while organic matter was exported throughout the whole water column toward the surrounding areas. The annual budget suggests that the NW Med deep convection constitutes a major source of nutrients for the photic zone of the Mediterranean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Nitrogen and Phosphorus Budgets in the Northwestern Mediterranean Deep Convection Region.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kessouri%2C+Faycal%22">Kessouri, Faycal</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><i> kesf@ucla.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ulses%2C+Caroline%22">Ulses, Caroline</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Estournel%2C+Claude%22">Estournel, Claude</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marsaleix%2C+Patrick%22">Marsaleix, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Severin%2C+Tatiana%22">Severin, Tatiana</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pujo‐Pay%2C+Mireille%22">Pujo‐Pay, Mireille</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caparros%2C+Jocelyne%22">Caparros, Jocelyne</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Raimbault%2C+Patrick%22">Raimbault, Patrick</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pasqueron+de+Fommervault%2C+Orens%22">Pasqueron de Fommervault, Orens</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22D'Ortenzio%2C+Fabrizio%22">D'Ortenzio, Fabrizio</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Taillandier%2C+Vincent%22">Taillandier, Vincent</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Testor%2C+Pierre%22">Testor, Pierre</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Conan%2C+Pascal%22">Conan, Pascal</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Oceans%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans</searchLink>. Dec2017, Vol. 122 Issue 12, p9429-9454. 26p.
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Abstract: The aim of this study is to understand the biogeochemical cycles of the northwestern Mediterranean Sea (NW Med), where a recurrent spring bloom related to dense water formation occurs. We used a coupled physical‐biogeochemical model at high resolution to simulate realistic 1 year period and analyze the nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) cycles. First, the model was evaluated using cruises carried out in winter, spring, and summer and a Bio‐Argo float deployed in spring. Then, the annual cycle of meteorological and hydrodynamical forcing and nutrients stocks in the upper layer were analyzed. Third, the effect of biogeochemical and physical processes on N and P was quantified. Fourth, we quantified the effects of the physical and biological processes on the seasonal changes of the molar NO3:PO4 ratio, particularly high compared to the global ocean. The deep convection reduced the NO3:PO4 ratio of upper waters, but consumption by phytoplankton increased it. Finally, N and P budgets were estimated. At the annual scale, this area constituted a sink of inorganic and a source of organic N and P for the peripheral area. NO3 and PO4 were horizontally advected from the peripheral regions into the intermediate waters (130–800 m) of the deep convection area, while organic matter was exported throughout the whole water column toward the surrounding areas. The annual budget suggests that the NW Med deep convection constitutes a major source of nutrients for the photic zone of the Mediterranean Sea. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/2016JC012665
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              Text: Dec2017
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