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Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals.

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Title: Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals.
Authors: Zafar, Qudsia1 qudsia.zafar@gcisc.org.pk, Zafar, Sidra2, Holben, Brent3
Source: International Journal of Climatology. Feb2018, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p1022-1040. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Atmospheric aerosols, MODIS (Spectroradiometer), Atmospheric transport, Monsoons, Deep Blue (Computer)
Geographic Terms: Pakistan
Abstract: ABSTRACT: Daily measurements of aerosol optical depth (τ) and Ångstrom wavelength exponent (α) acquired from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) are analysed over Lahore – an urban city of Pakistan (period: 2010–2014) to investigate contribution of different types of aerosols originating from both local and regional source locations. The obtained annual averages (mean ± standard deviation) for AERONET retrievals of τ (500 nm) and α (440–870 nm) are 0.68 ± 0.37 (0.08–2.91) and 0.99 ± 0.33 (0–1.8), respectively. Of all the sources, 61% are found within Pakistan, 11% in India, 19% in Afghanistan, 6% in Iran and 2% in Saudi Arabia with seasonal contributions of 35, 25, 23 and 17% in pre‐monsoon, monsoon, winter and post‐monsoon, respectively. The bimodal distributions of α show dominance of coarse‐mode particles during pre‐monsoon, fine‐mode particles during post‐monsoon and presence of both coarse‐mode and fine‐mode particles during winter and monsoon with winter showing more fine‐mode particles. Two broad classes of aerosols namely desert dust (DD) and biomass burning/urban industrial (BU) are identified with criteria, e.g. τ ≥ 0.3 and α ≤ 0.75 indicating presence of DD while τ ≥ 0.2 and α ≥ 1.15 indicating BU. The frequency of occurrence (FOO) of DD and BU aerosols is further identified by applying classification criteria over Aqua‐MODIS deep blue retrievals. The FOO identifies anthropogenic activity on‐going throughout the year, disrupted with DD aerosols only during pre‐monsoon and monsoon. The maximum dust activity is seen over Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP) (localized maxima: 35–45%) and the Arabian peninsula (>55%) during pre‐monsoon, while maximum BU aerosols are found over IGP, central and south‐eastern plains of India and the state of Gujarat (localized maxima: >70%) in winter and post‐monsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of International Journal of Climatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zafar%2C+Qudsia%22">Zafar, Qudsia</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> qudsia.zafar@gcisc.org.pk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zafar%2C+Sidra%22">Zafar, Sidra</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holben%2C+Brent%22">Holben, Brent</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22International+Journal+of+Climatology%22">International Journal of Climatology</searchLink>. Feb2018, Vol. 38 Issue 2, p1022-1040. 19p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+aerosols%22">Atmospheric aerosols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22MODIS+%28Spectroradiometer%29%22">MODIS (Spectroradiometer)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+transport%22">Atmospheric transport</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Monsoons%22">Monsoons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Deep+Blue+%28Computer%29%22">Deep Blue (Computer)</searchLink>
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  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pakistan%22">Pakistan</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: ABSTRACT: Daily measurements of aerosol optical depth (τ) and Ångstrom wavelength exponent (α) acquired from Aerosol Robotic Network (AERONET) and Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectrometer (MODIS) are analysed over Lahore – an urban city of Pakistan (period: 2010–2014) to investigate contribution of different types of aerosols originating from both local and regional source locations. The obtained annual averages (mean ± standard deviation) for AERONET retrievals of τ (500 nm) and α (440–870 nm) are 0.68 ± 0.37 (0.08–2.91) and 0.99 ± 0.33 (0–1.8), respectively. Of all the sources, 61% are found within Pakistan, 11% in India, 19% in Afghanistan, 6% in Iran and 2% in Saudi Arabia with seasonal contributions of 35, 25, 23 and 17% in pre‐monsoon, monsoon, winter and post‐monsoon, respectively. The bimodal distributions of α show dominance of coarse‐mode particles during pre‐monsoon, fine‐mode particles during post‐monsoon and presence of both coarse‐mode and fine‐mode particles during winter and monsoon with winter showing more fine‐mode particles. Two broad classes of aerosols namely desert dust (DD) and biomass burning/urban industrial (BU) are identified with criteria, e.g. τ ≥ 0.3 and α ≤ 0.75 indicating presence of DD while τ ≥ 0.2 and α ≥ 1.15 indicating BU. The frequency of occurrence (FOO) of DD and BU aerosols is further identified by applying classification criteria over Aqua‐MODIS deep blue retrievals. The FOO identifies anthropogenic activity on‐going throughout the year, disrupted with DD aerosols only during pre‐monsoon and monsoon. The maximum dust activity is seen over Indo‐Gangetic plains (IGP) (localized maxima: 35–45%) and the Arabian peninsula (>55%) during pre‐monsoon, while maximum BU aerosols are found over IGP, central and south‐eastern plains of India and the state of Gujarat (localized maxima: >70%) in winter and post‐monsoon. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of International Journal of Climatology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/joc.5230
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
        StartPage: 1022
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric aerosols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: MODIS (Spectroradiometer)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric transport
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Monsoons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Deep Blue (Computer)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pakistan
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Seasonal assessment and classification of aerosols transported to Lahore using AERONET and MODIS deep blue retrievals.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Zafar, Qudsia
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            NameFull: Zafar, Sidra
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            NameFull: Holben, Brent
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            – D: 15
              M: 02
              Text: Feb2018
              Type: published
              Y: 2018
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              Value: 38
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            – TitleFull: International Journal of Climatology
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