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Gene flow and Andean uplift shape the diversification of Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneae: Araneidae) in Northern South America.

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Title: Gene flow and Andean uplift shape the diversification of Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneae: Araneidae) in Northern South America.
Authors: Salgado‐Roa, Fabian C.1,2, Pardo‐Diaz, Carolina1, Lasso, Eloisa2,3, Arias, Carlos F.3, Solferini, Vera Nisaka4, Salazar, Camilo1 camilo.salazar@urosario.edu.co
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Jul2018, Vol. 8 Issue 14, p7131-7142. 12p.
Subject Terms: *Biodiversity conservation, Gene flow, Gasteracantha, Biological divergence
Geographic Terms: Northern South America
Abstract: Abstract: The Andean uplift has played a major role in shaping the current Neotropical biodiversity. However, in arthropods other than butterflies, little is known about how this geographic barrier has impacted species historical diversification. Here, we examined the phylogeography of the widespread color polymorphic spider Gasteracantha cancriformis to evaluate the effect of the northern Andean uplift on its divergence and assess whether its diversification occurred in the presence of gene flow. We inferred phylogenetic relationships and divergence times in G. cancriformis using mitochondrial and nuclear data from 105 individuals in northern South America. Genetic diversity, divergence, and population structure were quantified. We also compared multiple demographic scenarios for this species using a model‐based approach ( Phrapl) to determine divergence with or without gene flow. At last, we evaluated the association between genetic variation and color polymorphism. Both nuclear and mitochondrial data supported two well‐differentiated clades, which correspond to populations occurring on opposite sides of the Eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The final uplift of this cordillera was identified as the most likely force that shaped the diversification of G. cancriformis in northern South America, resulting in a cis‐ and trans‐Andean phylogeographic structure for the species. We also found shared genetic variation between the cis‐ and trans‐Andean clades, which is better explained by a scenario of historical divergence in the face of gene flow. This has been likely facilitated by the presence of low‐elevation passes across the Eastern Colombian cordillera. Our work constitutes the first example in which the Andean uplift coupled with gene flow influenced the evolutionary history of an arachnid lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Gene flow and Andean uplift shape the diversification of Gasteracantha cancriformis (Araneae: Araneidae) in Northern South America.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salgado‐Roa%2C+Fabian+C%2E%22">Salgado‐Roa, Fabian C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pardo‐Diaz%2C+Carolina%22">Pardo‐Diaz, Carolina</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lasso%2C+Eloisa%22">Lasso, Eloisa</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arias%2C+Carlos+F%2E%22">Arias, Carlos F.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Solferini%2C+Vera+Nisaka%22">Solferini, Vera Nisaka</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Salazar%2C+Camilo%22">Salazar, Camilo</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> camilo.salazar@urosario.edu.co</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Jul2018, Vol. 8 Issue 14, p7131-7142. 12p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biodiversity+conservation%22">Biodiversity conservation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gene+flow%22">Gene flow</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gasteracantha%22">Gasteracantha</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+divergence%22">Biological divergence</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Northern+South+America%22">Northern South America</searchLink>
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  Data: Abstract: The Andean uplift has played a major role in shaping the current Neotropical biodiversity. However, in arthropods other than butterflies, little is known about how this geographic barrier has impacted species historical diversification. Here, we examined the phylogeography of the widespread color polymorphic spider Gasteracantha cancriformis to evaluate the effect of the northern Andean uplift on its divergence and assess whether its diversification occurred in the presence of gene flow. We inferred phylogenetic relationships and divergence times in G. cancriformis using mitochondrial and nuclear data from 105 individuals in northern South America. Genetic diversity, divergence, and population structure were quantified. We also compared multiple demographic scenarios for this species using a model‐based approach ( Phrapl) to determine divergence with or without gene flow. At last, we evaluated the association between genetic variation and color polymorphism. Both nuclear and mitochondrial data supported two well‐differentiated clades, which correspond to populations occurring on opposite sides of the Eastern cordillera of the Colombian Andes. The final uplift of this cordillera was identified as the most likely force that shaped the diversification of G. cancriformis in northern South America, resulting in a cis‐ and trans‐Andean phylogeographic structure for the species. We also found shared genetic variation between the cis‐ and trans‐Andean clades, which is better explained by a scenario of historical divergence in the face of gene flow. This has been likely facilitated by the presence of low‐elevation passes across the Eastern Colombian cordillera. Our work constitutes the first example in which the Andean uplift coupled with gene flow influenced the evolutionary history of an arachnid lineage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – SubjectFull: Gasteracantha
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      – SubjectFull: Biological divergence
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              Text: Jul2018
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