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Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype.

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Title: Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype.
Authors: Stoichkov, V.1, Sweet, T.K.N.2, Jenkins, N.2, Kettle, J.1 j.kettle@bangor.ac.uk
Source: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells. Mar2019, Vol. 191, p356-364. 9p.
Subject Terms: *Photovoltaic power generation, *Climate change, *Direct energy conversion, *Electric power production, Commercial buildings
Abstract: Abstract The outdoor dependence of module orientation and diurnal climatic conditions on the performance of Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) configured for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) arrays is reported. The study focuses upon a Northern European climate and the significance of module orientation upon energy yield across diurnal, seasonal change and climatic conditions are discussed. It is shown that the optimum position of a BIPV facade depends upon season and that a south facing BIPV facade provides the greatest energy yield during winter months. The results also show how west-facing modules can significantly contribute to power generation during peak power periods (5–8 p.m.), which is imperative for balancing energy demand for buildings of the future and in particular supply the energy needs of buildings during peak hours in Northern Europe. Electrical characteristics under standard and part-load conditions were collated from laboratory scale OPV module experimental data and scaled for commercial-size modules in order to simulate BIPV arrays based upon OPVs. The simulated data is compared to experimental data and the closeness shows that BIPV systems based upon OPVs can be accurately simulated prior to installation. The system simulations compare typical energy demand profiles of small commercial buildings and illustrate that OPV arrays show strong potential to be used with excess energy generation for 8 months of the year based upon a 4.22kWp OPV system. Four 4.22kWp OPV systems scenarios have been investigated for (1) the highest annual energy generation, (2) architecturally evenly-spaced around the building (avoiding a North façade), (3) grid-balancing and (4) East-West split. Whilst Scenario 4 shows the lowest overall energy yield over the course of the year, energy production during peak hours is substantially higher than in other scenarios. The options presented show that OPVs are viable to use in BIPVs and can adequately meet the energy demand of a small commercial building during spring, summer and autumn in Norther Europe and can be adapted to end user's needs. Highlights • Dependence of orientation and climatic conditions for a BIPV array is reported. • West facing modules can significantly contribute to peak power energy generation. • Performance of a 4.2 kWp OPV arrays is simulated for a small commercial buildings. • It is shown to meet its energy for 8 months per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Stoichkov%2C+V%2E%22">Stoichkov, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sweet%2C+T%2EK%2EN%2E%22">Sweet, T.K.N.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jenkins%2C+N%2E%22">Jenkins, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kettle%2C+J%2E%22">Kettle, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> j.kettle@bangor.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Solar+Energy+Materials+%26+Solar+Cells%22">Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells</searchLink>. Mar2019, Vol. 191, p356-364. 9p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photovoltaic+power+generation%22">Photovoltaic power generation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Climate+change%22">Climate change</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Direct+energy+conversion%22">Direct energy conversion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+power+production%22">Electric power production</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Commercial+buildings%22">Commercial buildings</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: Abstract The outdoor dependence of module orientation and diurnal climatic conditions on the performance of Organic Photovoltaics (OPVs) configured for Building Integrated PV (BIPV) arrays is reported. The study focuses upon a Northern European climate and the significance of module orientation upon energy yield across diurnal, seasonal change and climatic conditions are discussed. It is shown that the optimum position of a BIPV facade depends upon season and that a south facing BIPV facade provides the greatest energy yield during winter months. The results also show how west-facing modules can significantly contribute to power generation during peak power periods (5–8 p.m.), which is imperative for balancing energy demand for buildings of the future and in particular supply the energy needs of buildings during peak hours in Northern Europe. Electrical characteristics under standard and part-load conditions were collated from laboratory scale OPV module experimental data and scaled for commercial-size modules in order to simulate BIPV arrays based upon OPVs. The simulated data is compared to experimental data and the closeness shows that BIPV systems based upon OPVs can be accurately simulated prior to installation. The system simulations compare typical energy demand profiles of small commercial buildings and illustrate that OPV arrays show strong potential to be used with excess energy generation for 8 months of the year based upon a 4.22kWp OPV system. Four 4.22kWp OPV systems scenarios have been investigated for (1) the highest annual energy generation, (2) architecturally evenly-spaced around the building (avoiding a North façade), (3) grid-balancing and (4) East-West split. Whilst Scenario 4 shows the lowest overall energy yield over the course of the year, energy production during peak hours is substantially higher than in other scenarios. The options presented show that OPVs are viable to use in BIPVs and can adequately meet the energy demand of a small commercial building during spring, summer and autumn in Norther Europe and can be adapted to end user's needs. Highlights • Dependence of orientation and climatic conditions for a BIPV array is reported. • West facing modules can significantly contribute to peak power energy generation. • Performance of a 4.2 kWp OPV arrays is simulated for a small commercial buildings. • It is shown to meet its energy for 8 months per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1016/j.solmat.2018.11.040
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 9
        StartPage: 356
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Photovoltaic power generation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Climate change
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Direct energy conversion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric power production
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Commercial buildings
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Studying the outdoor performance of organic building-integrated photovoltaics laminated to the cladding of a building prototype.
        Type: main
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            NameFull: Stoichkov, V.
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            NameFull: Sweet, T.K.N.
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            NameFull: Jenkins, N.
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            – D: 01
              M: 03
              Text: Mar2019
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              Y: 2019
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              Value: 191
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            – TitleFull: Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells
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