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Trimethyltin chloride induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during zebrafish eye development.

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Title: Trimethyltin chloride induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during zebrafish eye development.
Authors: Kim, Jin1 (AUTHOR), Kim, C-yoon1 (AUTHOR), Oh, Hanseul1 (AUTHOR), Ryu, Bokyeong1 (AUTHOR), Kim, Ukjin1 (AUTHOR), Lee, Ji Min1 (AUTHOR), Jung, Cho-Rok1 (AUTHOR), Park, Jae-Hak1 (AUTHOR) pjhak@snu.ac.kr
Source: Science of the Total Environment. Feb2019, Vol. 653, p36-44. 9p.
Abstract: Abstract Trimethyltin chloride (TMT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds in industrial and agricultural fields, is widespread in soil, aquatic systems, foodstuffs and household items. TMT reportedly has toxic effects on the nervous system; however, there is limited information about its effects on eye development and no clear associated mechanisms have been identified. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated eye morphology, vison-related behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, histopathology, and gene expression to evaluate the toxicity of TMT during ocular development in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to TMT decreased the axial length and surface area of the eye and impaired the ability of zebrafish to recognize light. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and acridine orange assays revealed dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. Furthermore, pyknosis of retinal cells was confirmed through histopathological analysis. Antioxidative enzyme-related genes were downregulated and apoptosis-inducing genes were upregulated in TMT-treated zebrafish compared to expression in controls. Retinal cell-specific gene expression was suppressed mainly in retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells, whereas amacrine cell-, horizontal cell-, and Müller cell-specific gene expression was enhanced. Our results demonstrate for the first time the toxicity of TMT during eye development, which occurs through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during ocular formation. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • TMT causes microphthalmia and impairs visual function in zebrafish embryo. • TMT induces dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. • TMT is toxic to specific retinal cells and leads histopathological abnormalities. • TMT affected the expression of genes related to above changes. • This is the first study to confirm the ocular developmental toxicity of TMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Trimethyltin chloride induces reactive oxygen species-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during zebrafish eye development.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Jin%22">Kim, Jin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+C-yoon%22">Kim, C-yoon</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oh%2C+Hanseul%22">Oh, Hanseul</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ryu%2C+Bokyeong%22">Ryu, Bokyeong</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kim%2C+Ukjin%22">Kim, Ukjin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lee%2C+Ji+Min%22">Lee, Ji Min</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jung%2C+Cho-Rok%22">Jung, Cho-Rok</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Jae-Hak%22">Park, Jae-Hak</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> pjhak@snu.ac.kr</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Science+of+the+Total+Environment%22">Science of the Total Environment</searchLink>. Feb2019, Vol. 653, p36-44. 9p.
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  Data: Abstract Trimethyltin chloride (TMT), one of the most widely used organotin compounds in industrial and agricultural fields, is widespread in soil, aquatic systems, foodstuffs and household items. TMT reportedly has toxic effects on the nervous system; however, there is limited information about its effects on eye development and no clear associated mechanisms have been identified. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated eye morphology, vison-related behavior, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, apoptosis, histopathology, and gene expression to evaluate the toxicity of TMT during ocular development in zebrafish embryos. Exposure to TMT decreased the axial length and surface area of the eye and impaired the ability of zebrafish to recognize light. 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate and acridine orange assays revealed dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. Furthermore, pyknosis of retinal cells was confirmed through histopathological analysis. Antioxidative enzyme-related genes were downregulated and apoptosis-inducing genes were upregulated in TMT-treated zebrafish compared to expression in controls. Retinal cell-specific gene expression was suppressed mainly in retinal ganglion cells, bipolar cells, and photoreceptor cells, whereas amacrine cell-, horizontal cell-, and Müller cell-specific gene expression was enhanced. Our results demonstrate for the first time the toxicity of TMT during eye development, which occurs through the induction of ROS-mediated apoptosis in retinal cells during ocular formation. Graphical abstract Unlabelled Image Highlights • TMT causes microphthalmia and impairs visual function in zebrafish embryo. • TMT induces dose-dependent increases in ROS formation and apoptosis in the eye. • TMT is toxic to specific retinal cells and leads histopathological abnormalities. • TMT affected the expression of genes related to above changes. • This is the first study to confirm the ocular developmental toxicity of TMT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Science of the Total Environment is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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