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Over a century of data reveal more than 80% decline in butterflies in the Netherlands.

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Title: Over a century of data reveal more than 80% decline in butterflies in the Netherlands.
Authors: van Strien, Arco J.1 (AUTHOR) asin@cbs.nl, van Swaay, Chris A.M.1 (AUTHOR), van Strien-van Liempt, Willy T.F.H.1 (AUTHOR), Poot, Martin J.M.1 (AUTHOR), WallisDeVries, Michiel F.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Biological Conservation. Jun2019, Vol. 234, p116-122. 7p.
Subject Terms: *Grasslands, *Species, *Forests & forestry, *Habitats, Butterflies
Geographic Terms: Netherlands
Abstract: Opportunistic butterfly records from 1890 to 2017 were analysed to quantitatively estimate the overall long-term change in occurrence of butterfly species in the Netherlands. For 71 species, we assessed trends in the number of occupied 5 km × 5 km sites by applying a modified List Length method, which takes into account changes in observation effort. We summarised the species trends in a Multi-Species Indicator (MSI) by taking the geometric mean of the species indices. Between 1890–1930 and 1981–1990, the MSI decreased by 67%; downward trends were detected for 42 species, many of which have disappeared completely from the Netherlands. Monitoring count data available from 1992 showed a further 50% decline in MSI. Combined, this yields an estimated decline of 84% in 1890–2017. We argue that in reality the loss is likely even higher. We also assessed separate MSIs for three major butterfly habitat types in the Netherlands: grassland, woodland and heathland. Butterflies strongly declined in all three habitats alike. The trend has stabilised over recent decades in grassland and woodland, but the decline continues in heathland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Biological Conservation is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Header DbId: 8gh
DbLabel: GreenFILE
An: 136088785
AccessLevel: 6
PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Over a century of data reveal more than 80% decline in butterflies in the Netherlands.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Biological+Conservation%22">Biological Conservation</searchLink>. Jun2019, Vol. 234, p116-122. 7p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Grasslands%22">Grasslands</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Species%22">Species</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forests+%26+forestry%22">Forests & forestry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Habitats%22">Habitats</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Butterflies%22">Butterflies</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Netherlands%22">Netherlands</searchLink>
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  Data: Opportunistic butterfly records from 1890 to 2017 were analysed to quantitatively estimate the overall long-term change in occurrence of butterfly species in the Netherlands. For 71 species, we assessed trends in the number of occupied 5 km × 5 km sites by applying a modified List Length method, which takes into account changes in observation effort. We summarised the species trends in a Multi-Species Indicator (MSI) by taking the geometric mean of the species indices. Between 1890–1930 and 1981–1990, the MSI decreased by 67%; downward trends were detected for 42 species, many of which have disappeared completely from the Netherlands. Monitoring count data available from 1992 showed a further 50% decline in MSI. Combined, this yields an estimated decline of 84% in 1890–2017. We argue that in reality the loss is likely even higher. We also assessed separate MSIs for three major butterfly habitat types in the Netherlands: grassland, woodland and heathland. Butterflies strongly declined in all three habitats alike. The trend has stabilised over recent decades in grassland and woodland, but the decline continues in heathland. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Biological Conservation is the property of Elsevier B.V. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1016/j.biocon.2019.03.023
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Grasslands
        Type: general
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      – SubjectFull: Forests & forestry
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      – SubjectFull: Habitats
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      – SubjectFull: Butterflies
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      – SubjectFull: Netherlands
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      – TitleFull: Over a century of data reveal more than 80% decline in butterflies in the Netherlands.
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              Text: Jun2019
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