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Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas.

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Title: Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas.
Authors: Janssens, J.1, Corkill, M.1, Genovese, C.1, Moreau, S.1,2,3, Strutton, P. G.1,2,4, Lannuzel, D.1,5, Rosenberg, M.1,5, Silvano, A.1,5,6, Roca‐Martí, M.7,8, Cougnon, E.2,4,5, Ratnarajah, L.5, Legresy, B.5,6, Lenton, A.5,6, Tilbrook, B.5,6, Rintoul, S.5,6,9, Arroyo, M. C.9, Shadwick, E. H.6,9, Puigcorbé, V.9
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. May2019, Vol. 124 Issue 5, p2943-2968. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Biological productivity, *Meltwater, *Biomass, Polynyas, Marine phytoplankton
Abstract: In the Southern Ocean, polynyas exhibit enhanced rates of primary productivity and represent large seasonal sinks for atmospheric CO2. Three contrasting east Antarctic polynyas were visited in late December to early January 2017: the Dalton, Mertz, and Ninnis polynyas. In the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas, phytoplankton biomass (average of 322 and 354 mg chlorophyll a (Chl a)/m2, respectively) and net community production (5.3 and 4.6 mol C/m2, respectively) were approximately 3 times those measured in the Dalton polynya (average of 122 mg Chl a/m2 and 1.8 mol C/m2). Phytoplankton communities also differed between the polynyas. Diatoms were thriving in the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas but not in the Dalton polynya, where Phaeocystis antarctica dominated. These strong regional differences were explored using physiological, biological, and physical parameters. The most likely drivers of the observed higher productivity in the Mertz and Ninnis were the relatively shallow inflow of iron‐rich modified Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf as well as a very large sea ice meltwater contribution. The productivity contrast between the three polynyas could not be explained by (1) the input of glacial meltwater, (2) the presence of Ice Shelf Water, or (3) stratification of the mixed layer. Our results show that physical drivers regulate the productivity of polynyas, suggesting that the response of biological productivity and carbon export to future change will vary among polynyas. Key Points: In summer 2016–2017, phytoplankton biomass and NCP in the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas were 3 times those measured in the Dalton polynyaIron‐rich Circumpolar Deep Water and sea ice meltwater best explained this productivity contrast.The productivity contrast between the three polynyas could not be explained by the meteoric water, the Ice Shelf Water, or stratification [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Janssens%2C+J%2E%22">Janssens, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Corkill%2C+M%2E%22">Corkill, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Genovese%2C+C%2E%22">Genovese, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moreau%2C+S%2E%22">Moreau, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strutton%2C+P%2E+G%2E%22">Strutton, P. G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lannuzel%2C+D%2E%22">Lannuzel, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rosenberg%2C+M%2E%22">Rosenberg, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Silvano%2C+A%2E%22">Silvano, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Roca‐Martí%2C+M%2E%22">Roca‐Martí, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>7,8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cougnon%2C+E%2E%22">Cougnon, E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2,4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ratnarajah%2C+L%2E%22">Ratnarajah, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Legresy%2C+B%2E%22">Legresy, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lenton%2C+A%2E%22">Lenton, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tilbrook%2C+B%2E%22">Tilbrook, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rintoul%2C+S%2E%22">Rintoul, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6,9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Arroyo%2C+M%2E+C%2E%22">Arroyo, M. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shadwick%2C+E%2E+H%2E%22">Shadwick, E. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>6,9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Puigcorbé%2C+V%2E%22">Puigcorbé, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Oceans%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans</searchLink>. May2019, Vol. 124 Issue 5, p2943-2968. 26p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+productivity%22">Biological productivity</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meltwater%22">Meltwater</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biomass%22">Biomass</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polynyas%22">Polynyas</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Marine+phytoplankton%22">Marine phytoplankton</searchLink>
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  Data: In the Southern Ocean, polynyas exhibit enhanced rates of primary productivity and represent large seasonal sinks for atmospheric CO2. Three contrasting east Antarctic polynyas were visited in late December to early January 2017: the Dalton, Mertz, and Ninnis polynyas. In the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas, phytoplankton biomass (average of 322 and 354 mg chlorophyll a (Chl a)/m2, respectively) and net community production (5.3 and 4.6 mol C/m2, respectively) were approximately 3 times those measured in the Dalton polynya (average of 122 mg Chl a/m2 and 1.8 mol C/m2). Phytoplankton communities also differed between the polynyas. Diatoms were thriving in the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas but not in the Dalton polynya, where Phaeocystis antarctica dominated. These strong regional differences were explored using physiological, biological, and physical parameters. The most likely drivers of the observed higher productivity in the Mertz and Ninnis were the relatively shallow inflow of iron‐rich modified Circumpolar Deep Water onto the shelf as well as a very large sea ice meltwater contribution. The productivity contrast between the three polynyas could not be explained by (1) the input of glacial meltwater, (2) the presence of Ice Shelf Water, or (3) stratification of the mixed layer. Our results show that physical drivers regulate the productivity of polynyas, suggesting that the response of biological productivity and carbon export to future change will vary among polynyas. Key Points: In summer 2016–2017, phytoplankton biomass and NCP in the Mertz and Ninnis polynyas were 3 times those measured in the Dalton polynyaIron‐rich Circumpolar Deep Water and sea ice meltwater best explained this productivity contrast.The productivity contrast between the three polynyas could not be explained by the meteoric water, the Ice Shelf Water, or stratification [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2019JC015071
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 26
        StartPage: 2943
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Biological productivity
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meltwater
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biomass
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Polynyas
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Marine phytoplankton
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Sea Ice Meltwater and Circumpolar Deep Water Drive Contrasting Productivity in Three Antarctic Polynyas.
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