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MAVEN and MEX Multi‐instrument Study of the Dayside of the Martian Induced Magnetospheric Structure Revealed by Pressure Analyses.

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Title: MAVEN and MEX Multi‐instrument Study of the Dayside of the Martian Induced Magnetospheric Structure Revealed by Pressure Analyses.
Authors: Holmberg, M. K. G.1 mika.holmberg@esa.int, André, N.1, Garnier, P.1, Modolo, R.2, Andersson, L.3, Halekas, J.4, Mazelle, C.1, Steckiewicz, M.1, Génot, V.1, Fedorov, A.1, Barabash, S.5, Mitchell, D. L.6
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Nov2019, Vol. 124 Issue 11, p8564-8589. 26p.
Subject Terms: *Ionosphere, Magnetosphere, Photoelectrons, Altitudes
Company/Entity: Mars Express (Spacecraft)
Abstract: A combination of statistical studies and 18 case studies have been used to investigate the structure of the induced Martian magnetosphere. The different plasma and magnetic pressure forces on the dayside of the induced magnetosphere of Mars have been studied using 3.5 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Mars Express (MEX) observations. We present estimates of typical values for the dominant pressure terms, that is, the thermal pressures of the ionosphere and the magnetosheath, the magnetic pressure of the magnetic pile‐up region, and the solar wind dynamic pressure. For 18 typical orbits the altitudes and relative distances of the pressure balance boundaries, the photoelectron boundary, the ion composition boundary, and the induced magnetosphere boundary are estimated. The magnetic pile‐up boundary is discussed but not further studied since earlier characterizations of the magnetic pile‐up boundary do not agree with our results. This study focuses on the transition region between the ionosphere and the magnetosheath on the dayside of Mars. We show that earlier definitions of the photoelectron boundary, ion composition boundary, and induced magnetosphere boundary do not characterize the transition region well, mainly because each boundary is based on measurements from only one or two instruments. In order to characterize the transition region correctly, changes in magnetic field strength and fluctuations, dominant ion species, electron and ion densities and energy distributions need to be considered. This article confirms a complex interaction between Mars and the solar wind and can explain why previous studies have had difficulties to describe the force balance. Key Points: This article presents an overview of the Martian dayside magnetospheric structure based on the dominant pressure termsTypical altitudes of the pressure balance boundaries, the PEB, ICB, and IMB are providedWe show that earlier defined boundaries are not a sufficient characterization of the ionosphere/magnetosheath transition region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: MAVEN and MEX Multi‐instrument Study of the Dayside of the Martian Induced Magnetospheric Structure Revealed by Pressure Analyses.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Holmberg%2C+M%2E+K%2E+G%2E%22">Holmberg, M. K. G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> mika.holmberg@esa.int</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22André%2C+N%2E%22">André, N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garnier%2C+P%2E%22">Garnier, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Modolo%2C+R%2E%22">Modolo, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Andersson%2C+L%2E%22">Andersson, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Halekas%2C+J%2E%22">Halekas, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mazelle%2C+C%2E%22">Mazelle, C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steckiewicz%2C+M%2E%22">Steckiewicz, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Génot%2C+V%2E%22">Génot, V.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fedorov%2C+A%2E%22">Fedorov, A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barabash%2C+S%2E%22">Barabash, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mitchell%2C+D%2E+L%2E%22">Mitchell, D. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Nov2019, Vol. 124 Issue 11, p8564-8589. 26p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionosphere%22">Ionosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoelectrons%22">Photoelectrons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Altitudes%22">Altitudes</searchLink>
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  Data: A combination of statistical studies and 18 case studies have been used to investigate the structure of the induced Martian magnetosphere. The different plasma and magnetic pressure forces on the dayside of the induced magnetosphere of Mars have been studied using 3.5 years of Mars Atmosphere and Volatile Evolution (MAVEN) and Mars Express (MEX) observations. We present estimates of typical values for the dominant pressure terms, that is, the thermal pressures of the ionosphere and the magnetosheath, the magnetic pressure of the magnetic pile‐up region, and the solar wind dynamic pressure. For 18 typical orbits the altitudes and relative distances of the pressure balance boundaries, the photoelectron boundary, the ion composition boundary, and the induced magnetosphere boundary are estimated. The magnetic pile‐up boundary is discussed but not further studied since earlier characterizations of the magnetic pile‐up boundary do not agree with our results. This study focuses on the transition region between the ionosphere and the magnetosheath on the dayside of Mars. We show that earlier definitions of the photoelectron boundary, ion composition boundary, and induced magnetosphere boundary do not characterize the transition region well, mainly because each boundary is based on measurements from only one or two instruments. In order to characterize the transition region correctly, changes in magnetic field strength and fluctuations, dominant ion species, electron and ion densities and energy distributions need to be considered. This article confirms a complex interaction between Mars and the solar wind and can explain why previous studies have had difficulties to describe the force balance. Key Points: This article presents an overview of the Martian dayside magnetospheric structure based on the dominant pressure termsTypical altitudes of the pressure balance boundaries, the PEB, ICB, and IMB are providedWe show that earlier defined boundaries are not a sufficient characterization of the ionosphere/magnetosheath transition region [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2019JA026954
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Ionosphere
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      – SubjectFull: Photoelectrons
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      – SubjectFull: Altitudes
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