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The effect of urban morphology on the solar capacity of three-dimensional cities.

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Title: The effect of urban morphology on the solar capacity of three-dimensional cities.
Authors: Zhu, Rui1,2 (AUTHOR), Wong, Man Sing1,2 (AUTHOR) ls.charles@polyu.edu.hk, You, Linlin1 (AUTHOR), Santi, Paolo3,4 (AUTHOR), Nichol, Janet5 (AUTHOR), Ho, Hung Chak6 (AUTHOR), Lu, Lin7 (AUTHOR), Ratti, Carlo3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Renewable Energy: An International Journal. Jun2020, Vol. 153, p1111-1126. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Urban morphology, *Solar energy, *Renewable natural resources, *Environmental protection, Potential energy surfaces, Pearson correlation (Statistics)
Abstract: As a clean and renewable resource, solar energy is increasingly being used to relieve the pressures on environmental protection and the exhaustion of conventional energy. Although photovoltaic modules have been installed in many cities, the lack of quantitative mapping of the annual solar energy potential of urban surfaces hinders the effective utilization of solar energy. Herein, we provide a solar irradiation estimation solution for three-dimensional (3D) cities to quantify annual irradiations on urban envelopes and to investigate the effect of urban morphology on the resulting solar capacity. By modelling urban surfaces as 3D point clouds, annual irradiations of the point clouds were estimated. An empirical investigation across ten cities suggests that urban areas at lower latitudes tend to have larger values of annual irradiation; moreover, an area having greater building heights consistently has the largest third quartile of irradiation compared with lower buildings in the same city. Conversely, areas with many low buildings have a larger proportion of useable areas; in this arrangement, façades can optimally utilize solar energy, meaning that large irradiations are concentrated on certain façades. The Pearson correlation coefficients between solar capacity and urban morphology indices suggest that urban morphology has an important effect on solar capacity. • Proposes a 3D solar city including multiple reflections between urban envelops. • Estimates annual solar irradiation and solar capacity on 10 cities across the world. • Reveals distribution patterns of annual solar irradiation on three partitions. • Analyzes the useable areas that are quantitatively high and spatially concentrated. • Urban morphology has an important effect on solar capacity influenced by weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Renewable Energy: An International Journal is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: The effect of urban morphology on the solar capacity of three-dimensional cities.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Rui%22">Zhu, Rui</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wong%2C+Man+Sing%22">Wong, Man Sing</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ls.charles@polyu.edu.hk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22You%2C+Linlin%22">You, Linlin</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santi%2C+Paolo%22">Santi, Paolo</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nichol%2C+Janet%22">Nichol, Janet</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ho%2C+Hung+Chak%22">Ho, Hung Chak</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lu%2C+Lin%22">Lu, Lin</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ratti%2C+Carlo%22">Ratti, Carlo</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Renewable+Energy%3A+An+International+Journal%22">Renewable Energy: An International Journal</searchLink>. Jun2020, Vol. 153, p1111-1126. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urban+morphology%22">Urban morphology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+energy%22">Solar energy</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Renewable+natural+resources%22">Renewable natural resources</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+protection%22">Environmental protection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Potential+energy+surfaces%22">Potential energy surfaces</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pearson+correlation+%28Statistics%29%22">Pearson correlation (Statistics)</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: As a clean and renewable resource, solar energy is increasingly being used to relieve the pressures on environmental protection and the exhaustion of conventional energy. Although photovoltaic modules have been installed in many cities, the lack of quantitative mapping of the annual solar energy potential of urban surfaces hinders the effective utilization of solar energy. Herein, we provide a solar irradiation estimation solution for three-dimensional (3D) cities to quantify annual irradiations on urban envelopes and to investigate the effect of urban morphology on the resulting solar capacity. By modelling urban surfaces as 3D point clouds, annual irradiations of the point clouds were estimated. An empirical investigation across ten cities suggests that urban areas at lower latitudes tend to have larger values of annual irradiation; moreover, an area having greater building heights consistently has the largest third quartile of irradiation compared with lower buildings in the same city. Conversely, areas with many low buildings have a larger proportion of useable areas; in this arrangement, façades can optimally utilize solar energy, meaning that large irradiations are concentrated on certain façades. The Pearson correlation coefficients between solar capacity and urban morphology indices suggest that urban morphology has an important effect on solar capacity. • Proposes a 3D solar city including multiple reflections between urban envelops. • Estimates annual solar irradiation and solar capacity on 10 cities across the world. • Reveals distribution patterns of annual solar irradiation on three partitions. • Analyzes the useable areas that are quantitatively high and spatially concentrated. • Urban morphology has an important effect on solar capacity influenced by weather. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Renewable Energy: An International Journal is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1016/j.renene.2020.02.050
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
        StartPage: 1111
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      – SubjectFull: Urban morphology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solar energy
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Renewable natural resources
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental protection
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      – SubjectFull: Potential energy surfaces
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pearson correlation (Statistics)
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      – TitleFull: The effect of urban morphology on the solar capacity of three-dimensional cities.
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              M: 06
              Text: Jun2020
              Type: published
              Y: 2020
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              Value: 153
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