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Saturn's Auroral Field‐Aligned Currents: Observations From the Northern Hemisphere Dawn Sector During Cassini's Proximal Orbits.

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Title: Saturn's Auroral Field‐Aligned Currents: Observations From the Northern Hemisphere Dawn Sector During Cassini's Proximal Orbits.
Authors: Hunt, G. J.1 g.hunt@imperial.ac.uk, Bunce, E. J.2, Cao, H.3,4, Cowley, S. W. H.2, Dougherty, M. K.1, Provan, G.2, Southwood, D. J.1
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. May2020, Vol. 125 Issue 5, p1-18. 18p.
Subject Terms: Saturn (Planet), Magnetosphere, Current density (Electromagnetism), Electrons
Geographic Terms: Northern Hemisphere
Abstract: We examine the azimuthal magnetic field signatures associated with Saturn's northern hemisphere auroral field‐aligned currents observed in the dawn sector during Cassini's Proximal orbits (April 2017 and September 2017). We compare these currents with observations of the auroral currents from near noon taken during the F‐ring orbits prior to the Proximal orbits. First, we show that the position of the main auroral upward current is displaced poleward between the two local times (LTs). This is consistent with the statistical position of the ultraviolet auroral oval for the same time interval. Second, we show the overall average ionospheric meridional current profile differs significantly on the equatorward boundary of the upward current with a swept‐forward configuration with respect to planetary rotation present at dawn. We separate the planetary period oscillation (PPO) currents from the PPO‐independent currents and show their positional relationship is maintained as the latitude of the current shifts in LT implying an intrinsic link between the two systems. Focusing on the individual upward current sheets pass‐by‐pass, we find that the main upward current at dawn is stronger compared to near noon. This results in the current density being ~1.4 times higher in the dawn sector. We determine a proxy for the precipitating electron power and show that the dawn PPO‐independent upward current electron power is ~1.9 times higher than at noon. These new observations of the dawn auroral region from the Proximal orbits may show evidence of an additional upward current at dawn likely associated with strong flows in the outer magnetosphere. Key Points: We analyze the northern hemisphere auroral field‐aligned currents at dawn observed during Cassini's Proximal orbitsWe separate the planetary period oscillation (PPO) currents from PPO‐independent currents and determined their current sheet propertiesComparing the Proximal and F‐ring observations, we show the PPO‐independent's upward current is stronger at dawn compared to near noon [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Saturn's Auroral Field‐Aligned Currents: Observations From the Northern Hemisphere Dawn Sector During Cassini's Proximal Orbits.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hunt%2C+G%2E+J%2E%22">Hunt, G. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> g.hunt@imperial.ac.uk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bunce%2C+E%2E+J%2E%22">Bunce, E. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cao%2C+H%2E%22">Cao, H.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cowley%2C+S%2E+W%2E+H%2E%22">Cowley, S. W. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dougherty%2C+M%2E+K%2E%22">Dougherty, M. K.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Provan%2C+G%2E%22">Provan, G.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Southwood%2C+D%2E+J%2E%22">Southwood, D. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. May2020, Vol. 125 Issue 5, p1-18. 18p.
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  Data: We examine the azimuthal magnetic field signatures associated with Saturn's northern hemisphere auroral field‐aligned currents observed in the dawn sector during Cassini's Proximal orbits (April 2017 and September 2017). We compare these currents with observations of the auroral currents from near noon taken during the F‐ring orbits prior to the Proximal orbits. First, we show that the position of the main auroral upward current is displaced poleward between the two local times (LTs). This is consistent with the statistical position of the ultraviolet auroral oval for the same time interval. Second, we show the overall average ionospheric meridional current profile differs significantly on the equatorward boundary of the upward current with a swept‐forward configuration with respect to planetary rotation present at dawn. We separate the planetary period oscillation (PPO) currents from the PPO‐independent currents and show their positional relationship is maintained as the latitude of the current shifts in LT implying an intrinsic link between the two systems. Focusing on the individual upward current sheets pass‐by‐pass, we find that the main upward current at dawn is stronger compared to near noon. This results in the current density being ~1.4 times higher in the dawn sector. We determine a proxy for the precipitating electron power and show that the dawn PPO‐independent upward current electron power is ~1.9 times higher than at noon. These new observations of the dawn auroral region from the Proximal orbits may show evidence of an additional upward current at dawn likely associated with strong flows in the outer magnetosphere. Key Points: We analyze the northern hemisphere auroral field‐aligned currents at dawn observed during Cassini's Proximal orbitsWe separate the planetary period oscillation (PPO) currents from PPO‐independent currents and determined their current sheet propertiesComparing the Proximal and F‐ring observations, we show the PPO‐independent's upward current is stronger at dawn compared to near noon [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2019JA027683
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      – SubjectFull: Saturn (Planet)
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetosphere
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      – SubjectFull: Current density (Electromagnetism)
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      – SubjectFull: Electrons
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      – SubjectFull: Northern Hemisphere
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      – TitleFull: Saturn's Auroral Field‐Aligned Currents: Observations From the Northern Hemisphere Dawn Sector During Cassini's Proximal Orbits.
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              Text: May2020
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