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Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland.

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Title: Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland.
Authors: Varmola, Martti (AUTHOR) martti.varmola@metla.fi, Hyppönen, Mikko (AUTHOR), Mäkitalo, Kari (AUTHOR), Mikkola, Kari (AUTHOR), Timonen, Mauri (AUTHOR)
Source: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research. Oct2004, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p424-441. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Forest management, *Forest regeneration, *Planting, *Sowing, *Sustainable forestry, *Forests & forestry
Abstract: Sustainable forestry is practised in Finnish Lapland north of latitude 69°, i.e. farther north than anywhere else in the world. The Protection Forests Act was passed in 1922 to guarantee the stability of timberline forests in this climatically extreme, unique area. This review, based on earlier studies, covers forest and climate statistics, and legislation, regulations and recommendations of forest management, and the effects of management practices and climatic trends on the results of natural and artificial regeneration of conifer forests, as well as on shifts in the timberline. The review is mainly based on Finnish research, but references from the other Fennoscandian countries have also been used. Temperature plays the main role in forest regeneration success, and the effective temperature sum has been found to express well the location of the Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) timberline. Natural regeneration of pine has been satisfactory, especially when combined with soil preparation. In many cases the pine forests regenerate in the form of advance growth without any silvicultural action. The success of artificial regeneration seems to be associated with favourable, warm periods lasting for at least 20 yrs. The effects of cutting, forest fires, reindeer herding, biotic damage and air pollution on forest regeneration and the conifer timberlines are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Varmola%2C+Martti%22">Varmola, Martti</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<i> martti.varmola@metla.fi</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hyppönen%2C+Mikko%22">Hyppönen, Mikko</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mäkitalo%2C+Kari%22">Mäkitalo, Kari</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mikkola%2C+Kari%22">Mikkola, Kari</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Timonen%2C+Mauri%22">Timonen, Mauri</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Scandinavian+Journal+of+Forest+Research%22">Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research</searchLink>. Oct2004, Vol. 19 Issue 5, p424-441. 18p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+management%22">Forest management</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forest+regeneration%22">Forest regeneration</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Planting%22">Planting</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sowing%22">Sowing</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sustainable+forestry%22">Sustainable forestry</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Forests+%26+forestry%22">Forests & forestry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Sustainable forestry is practised in Finnish Lapland north of latitude 69°, i.e. farther north than anywhere else in the world. The Protection Forests Act was passed in 1922 to guarantee the stability of timberline forests in this climatically extreme, unique area. This review, based on earlier studies, covers forest and climate statistics, and legislation, regulations and recommendations of forest management, and the effects of management practices and climatic trends on the results of natural and artificial regeneration of conifer forests, as well as on shifts in the timberline. The review is mainly based on Finnish research, but references from the other Fennoscandian countries have also been used. Temperature plays the main role in forest regeneration success, and the effective temperature sum has been found to express well the location of the Scots pine ( Pinus sylvestris L.) timberline. Natural regeneration of pine has been satisfactory, especially when combined with soil preparation. In many cases the pine forests regenerate in the form of advance growth without any silvicultural action. The success of artificial regeneration seems to be associated with favourable, warm periods lasting for at least 20 yrs. The effects of cutting, forest fires, reindeer herding, biotic damage and air pollution on forest regeneration and the conifer timberlines are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research is the property of Taylor & Francis Ltd and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1080/02827580410030154
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 424
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      – SubjectFull: Forest management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Forest regeneration
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Planting
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sowing
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      – SubjectFull: Sustainable forestry
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      – SubjectFull: Forests & forestry
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Forest Management and Regeneration Success in Protection Forests near the Timberline in Finnish Lapland.
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            NameFull: Varmola, Martti
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            NameFull: Hyppönen, Mikko
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            NameFull: Mäkitalo, Kari
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            NameFull: Mikkola, Kari
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            NameFull: Timonen, Mauri
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            – D: 01
              M: 10
              Text: Oct2004
              Type: published
              Y: 2004
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            – TitleFull: Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research
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