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Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars.

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Title: Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars.
Authors: Yen, A. S.1 Albert.Yen@jpl.caltech.edu, Morris, R. V.2, Ming, D. W.2, Schwenzer, S. P.3, Sutter, B.2, Vaniman, D. T.4, Treiman, A. H.5, Gellert, R.6, Achilles, C. N.7, Berger, J. A.2, Blake, D. F.8, Boyd, N. I.6, Bristow, T. F.8, Chipera, S.9, Clark, B. C.10, Craig, P. I.4, Downs, R. T.11, Franz, H. B.7, Gabriel, T.12, McAdam, A. C.7
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets. Mar2021, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Volcanic ash, tuff, etc., Tridymite, Gale Crater (Mars), Hydrothermal alteration, Martian volcanoes
Company/Entity: Curiosity (Spacecraft)
Abstract: In August 2015, the Curiosity Mars rover discovered tridymite, a high‐temperature silica polymorph, in Gale crater. The existing model for its occurrence suggests erosion and detrital sedimentation from silicic volcanic rocks in the crater rim or central peak. The chemistry and mineralogy of the tridymite‐bearing rocks, however, are not consistent with silicic volcanic material. Using data from Curiosity, including chemical composition from the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer, mineralogy from the CheMin instrument, and evolved gas and isotopic analyses from the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, we show that the tridymite‐bearing rocks exhibit similar chemical patterns with silica‐rich alteration halos which crosscut the stratigraphy. We infer that the tridymite formed in‐place through hydrothermal processes and show additional chemical and mineralogical results from Gale crater consistent with hydrothermal activity occurring after sediment deposition and lithification. Plain Language Summary: In August 2015, the Curiosity Mars rover discovered tridymite, an unexpected mineral phase, in Gale crater. The existing model for its occurrence suggests erosion and deposition from silicon‐rich volcanic rocks in the crater rim or central peak. The chemistry and mineralogy of the tridymite‐bearing rocks, however, are not consistent with silicon‐rich volcanic material. Using data from Curiosity's instrument suite, we show that the tridymite‐bearing rocks exhibit similar chemical patterns with silicon‐rich alteration zones which crosscut the layered sediments. We infer that the tridymite formed in‐place through hydrothermal processes and show additional chemical and mineralogical results from Gale crater consistent with hydrothermal activity occurring after sediment deposition and lithification. Key Points: Chemical and mineralogical data from the Curiosity Mars rover suggest a history of hydrothermal alteration within Gale craterSilica‐rich alteration halos and tridymite‐bearing deposits exhibit similar chemical signatures, suggesting related formation processesWe propose the in situ formation of tridymite through hydrothermal processes as an alternative to a detrital origin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yen%2C+A%2E+S%2E%22">Yen, A. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> Albert.Yen@jpl.caltech.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Morris%2C+R%2E+V%2E%22">Morris, R. V.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ming%2C+D%2E+W%2E%22">Ming, D. W.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schwenzer%2C+S%2E+P%2E%22">Schwenzer, S. P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sutter%2C+B%2E%22">Sutter, B.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Vaniman%2C+D%2E+T%2E%22">Vaniman, D. T.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Treiman%2C+A%2E+H%2E%22">Treiman, A. H.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gellert%2C+R%2E%22">Gellert, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Achilles%2C+C%2E+N%2E%22">Achilles, C. N.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berger%2C+J%2E+A%2E%22">Berger, J. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Blake%2C+D%2E+F%2E%22">Blake, D. F.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Boyd%2C+N%2E+I%2E%22">Boyd, N. I.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bristow%2C+T%2E+F%2E%22">Bristow, T. F.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chipera%2C+S%2E%22">Chipera, S.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clark%2C+B%2E+C%2E%22">Clark, B. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Craig%2C+P%2E+I%2E%22">Craig, P. I.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Downs%2C+R%2E+T%2E%22">Downs, R. T.</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Franz%2C+H%2E+B%2E%22">Franz, H. B.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gabriel%2C+T%2E%22">Gabriel, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>12</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22McAdam%2C+A%2E+C%2E%22">McAdam, A. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Planets%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets</searchLink>. Mar2021, Vol. 126 Issue 3, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+ash%2C+tuff%2C+etc%2E%22">Volcanic ash, tuff, etc.</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tridymite%22">Tridymite</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Gale+Crater+%28Mars%29%22">Gale Crater (Mars)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Hydrothermal+alteration%22">Hydrothermal alteration</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Martian+volcanoes%22">Martian volcanoes</searchLink>
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  Data: In August 2015, the Curiosity Mars rover discovered tridymite, a high‐temperature silica polymorph, in Gale crater. The existing model for its occurrence suggests erosion and detrital sedimentation from silicic volcanic rocks in the crater rim or central peak. The chemistry and mineralogy of the tridymite‐bearing rocks, however, are not consistent with silicic volcanic material. Using data from Curiosity, including chemical composition from the Alpha Particle X‐ray Spectrometer, mineralogy from the CheMin instrument, and evolved gas and isotopic analyses from the Sample Analysis at Mars instrument, we show that the tridymite‐bearing rocks exhibit similar chemical patterns with silica‐rich alteration halos which crosscut the stratigraphy. We infer that the tridymite formed in‐place through hydrothermal processes and show additional chemical and mineralogical results from Gale crater consistent with hydrothermal activity occurring after sediment deposition and lithification. Plain Language Summary: In August 2015, the Curiosity Mars rover discovered tridymite, an unexpected mineral phase, in Gale crater. The existing model for its occurrence suggests erosion and deposition from silicon‐rich volcanic rocks in the crater rim or central peak. The chemistry and mineralogy of the tridymite‐bearing rocks, however, are not consistent with silicon‐rich volcanic material. Using data from Curiosity's instrument suite, we show that the tridymite‐bearing rocks exhibit similar chemical patterns with silicon‐rich alteration zones which crosscut the layered sediments. We infer that the tridymite formed in‐place through hydrothermal processes and show additional chemical and mineralogical results from Gale crater consistent with hydrothermal activity occurring after sediment deposition and lithification. Key Points: Chemical and mineralogical data from the Curiosity Mars rover suggest a history of hydrothermal alteration within Gale craterSilica‐rich alteration halos and tridymite‐bearing deposits exhibit similar chemical signatures, suggesting related formation processesWe propose the in situ formation of tridymite through hydrothermal processes as an alternative to a detrital origin [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Planets is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2020JE006569
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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      – SubjectFull: Tridymite
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      – SubjectFull: Gale Crater (Mars)
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      – SubjectFull: Hydrothermal alteration
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      – SubjectFull: Martian volcanoes
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      – SubjectFull: Curiosity (Spacecraft)
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      – TitleFull: Formation of Tridymite and Evidence for a Hydrothermal History at Gale Crater, Mars.
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