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Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate.

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Title: Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate.
Authors: Gabet, E. J.1 manny.gabet@sjsu.edu, Mudd, S. M.2, Wood, R. W.1, Grieve, S. W. D.3, Binnie, S. A.4, Dunai, T. J.4
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface. May2021, Vol. 126 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Erosion, *Sediment transport, Slopes (Physical geography), Soil creep, LIDAR
Abstract: The shape of soil‐mantled hillslopes is typically attributed to erosion rate and the transport efficiency of the various processes that contribute to soil creep. While climate is generally hypothesized to have an important influence on soil creep rates, a lack of uniformity in the measurement of transport efficiency has been an obstacle to evaluating the controls on this important landscape parameter. We addressed this problem by compiling a data set in which the transport efficiency has been calculated using a single method, the analysis of hilltop curvatures using 1‐m LiDAR data, and the erosion rates have also been determined via a single method, in‐situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations. Moreover, to control for lithology, we chose sites that are only underlain by resistant bedrock. The sites span a range of erosion rates (6–922 mm/kyr), mean annual precipitation (39–320 cm/yr), and aridity index (0.08–1.38). Surprisingly, we find that hilltop curvature varies with the square root of erosion rate, whereas previous studies predict a linear relationship. In addition, we find that the inferred transport coefficient also varies with the square root of erosion rate but is insensitive to climate. We explore various mechanisms that might link the transport coefficient to the erosion rate and conclude that present theory regarding soil‐mantled hillslopes is unable to explain our results and is, therefore, incomplete. Finally, we tentatively suggest that processes occurring in the bedrock (e.g., fracture generation) may play a role in the shape of hillslope profiles at our sites. Key Points: Hilltop curvature at our sites does not vary linearly with erosion rate, as predicted by theoryThe inferred transport coefficient appears to be insensitive to climateProcesses affecting the underlying bedrock may control the shape of soil‐mantled hillslopes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gabet%2C+E%2E+J%2E%22">Gabet, E. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> manny.gabet@sjsu.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mudd%2C+S%2E+M%2E%22">Mudd, S. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wood%2C+R%2E+W%2E%22">Wood, R. W.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Grieve%2C+S%2E+W%2E+D%2E%22">Grieve, S. W. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Binnie%2C+S%2E+A%2E%22">Binnie, S. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dunai%2C+T%2E+J%2E%22">Dunai, T. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Earth+Surface%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface</searchLink>. May2021, Vol. 126 Issue 5, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Erosion%22">Erosion</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediment+transport%22">Sediment transport</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Slopes+%28Physical+geography%29%22">Slopes (Physical geography)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Soil+creep%22">Soil creep</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22LIDAR%22">LIDAR</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The shape of soil‐mantled hillslopes is typically attributed to erosion rate and the transport efficiency of the various processes that contribute to soil creep. While climate is generally hypothesized to have an important influence on soil creep rates, a lack of uniformity in the measurement of transport efficiency has been an obstacle to evaluating the controls on this important landscape parameter. We addressed this problem by compiling a data set in which the transport efficiency has been calculated using a single method, the analysis of hilltop curvatures using 1‐m LiDAR data, and the erosion rates have also been determined via a single method, in‐situ cosmogenic 10Be concentrations. Moreover, to control for lithology, we chose sites that are only underlain by resistant bedrock. The sites span a range of erosion rates (6–922 mm/kyr), mean annual precipitation (39–320 cm/yr), and aridity index (0.08–1.38). Surprisingly, we find that hilltop curvature varies with the square root of erosion rate, whereas previous studies predict a linear relationship. In addition, we find that the inferred transport coefficient also varies with the square root of erosion rate but is insensitive to climate. We explore various mechanisms that might link the transport coefficient to the erosion rate and conclude that present theory regarding soil‐mantled hillslopes is unable to explain our results and is, therefore, incomplete. Finally, we tentatively suggest that processes occurring in the bedrock (e.g., fracture generation) may play a role in the shape of hillslope profiles at our sites. Key Points: Hilltop curvature at our sites does not vary linearly with erosion rate, as predicted by theoryThe inferred transport coefficient appears to be insensitive to climateProcesses affecting the underlying bedrock may control the shape of soil‐mantled hillslopes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2020JF005858
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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      – SubjectFull: Erosion
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sediment transport
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Slopes (Physical geography)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil creep
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: LIDAR
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Hilltop Curvature Increases With the Square Root of Erosion Rate.
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              Text: May2021
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              Y: 2021
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