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Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions.

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Title: Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions.
Authors: Contos, Peter1 (AUTHOR) P.Contos@latrobe.edu.au, Wood, Jennifer L.1 (AUTHOR), Murphy, Nicholas P.1 (AUTHOR), Gibb, Heloise1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Jun2021, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p7187-7200. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Restoration ecology, *Ecosystems, *Invertebrates, *Wildlife reintroduction, *Microorganisms, Invertebrate communities, Ecosystem services
Abstract: Restoration ecology has historically focused on reconstructing communities of highly visible taxa while less visible taxa, such as invertebrates and microbes, are ignored. This is problematic as invertebrates and microbes make up the vast bulk of biodiversity and drive many key ecosystem processes, yet they are rarely actively reintroduced following restoration, potentially limiting ecosystem function and biodiversity in these areas.In this review, we discuss the current (limited) incorporation of invertebrates and microbes in restoration and rewilding projects. We argue that these groups should be actively rewilded during restoration to improve biodiversity, ecosystem function outcomes, and highlight how they can be used to greater effect in the future. For example, invertebrates and microbes are easily manipulated, meaning whole communities can potentially be rewilded through habitat transplants in a practice that we refer to as "whole‐of‐community" rewilding.We provide a framework for whole‐of‐community rewilding and describe empirical case studies as practical applications of this under‐researched restoration tool that land managers can use to improve restoration outcomes.We hope this new perspective on whole‐of‐community restoration will promote applied research into restoration that incorporates all biota, irrespective of size, while also enabling a better understanding of fundamental ecological theory, such as colonization and competition trade‐offs. This may be a necessary consideration as invertebrates that are important in providing ecosystem services are declining globally; targeting invertebrate communities during restoration may be crucial in stemming this decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Contos%2C+Peter%22">Contos, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> P.Contos@latrobe.edu.au</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wood%2C+Jennifer+L%2E%22">Wood, Jennifer L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Murphy%2C+Nicholas+P%2E%22">Murphy, Nicholas P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gibb%2C+Heloise%22">Gibb, Heloise</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Jun2021, Vol. 11 Issue 12, p7187-7200. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Restoration+ecology%22">Restoration ecology</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecosystems%22">Ecosystems</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Invertebrates%22">Invertebrates</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Wildlife+reintroduction%22">Wildlife reintroduction</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microorganisms%22">Microorganisms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Invertebrate+communities%22">Invertebrate communities</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ecosystem+services%22">Ecosystem services</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Restoration ecology has historically focused on reconstructing communities of highly visible taxa while less visible taxa, such as invertebrates and microbes, are ignored. This is problematic as invertebrates and microbes make up the vast bulk of biodiversity and drive many key ecosystem processes, yet they are rarely actively reintroduced following restoration, potentially limiting ecosystem function and biodiversity in these areas.In this review, we discuss the current (limited) incorporation of invertebrates and microbes in restoration and rewilding projects. We argue that these groups should be actively rewilded during restoration to improve biodiversity, ecosystem function outcomes, and highlight how they can be used to greater effect in the future. For example, invertebrates and microbes are easily manipulated, meaning whole communities can potentially be rewilded through habitat transplants in a practice that we refer to as "whole‐of‐community" rewilding.We provide a framework for whole‐of‐community rewilding and describe empirical case studies as practical applications of this under‐researched restoration tool that land managers can use to improve restoration outcomes.We hope this new perspective on whole‐of‐community restoration will promote applied research into restoration that incorporates all biota, irrespective of size, while also enabling a better understanding of fundamental ecological theory, such as colonization and competition trade‐offs. This may be a necessary consideration as invertebrates that are important in providing ecosystem services are declining globally; targeting invertebrate communities during restoration may be crucial in stemming this decline. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.7597
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ecosystems
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Invertebrates
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Wildlife reintroduction
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Microorganisms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Invertebrate communities
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      – SubjectFull: Ecosystem services
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Rewilding with invertebrates and microbes to restore ecosystems: Present trends and future directions.
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            NameFull: Contos, Peter
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            NameFull: Wood, Jennifer L.
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            NameFull: Murphy, Nicholas P.
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            – D: 15
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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