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Mixing Efficiency for Breaking Internal Solitary Waves.

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Title: Mixing Efficiency for Breaking Internal Solitary Waves.
Authors: la Forgia, Giovanni1, Cavaliere, Davide1,2 davide.cavaliere@artov.ismar.cnr.it, Adduce, Claudia1,3, Falcini, Federico1
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. Jun2021, Vol. 126 Issue 6, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Tides, *Sediments, Solitons, Bioenergetics, Potential energy
Abstract: We propose a semi‐analytic approach to estimate mixing induced by internal solitary waves (ISWs) breaking over a sloping boundary. The theoretical framework we develop describes the energetics of a stratified fluid flow during the interaction of ISWs with a slope. In particular, through both Ozmidov and Thorpe lengthscales we derive a heuristic expression for mixing efficiency, valid for plunging and plunging‐collapsing breakers. On the other hand, we perform laboratory experiments that also provide mixing efficiency by estimating both changes of the background potential energy and the incident and reflected ISWs energy. We then compare those results with the ones derived by our theoretical model, obtaining a power law that relates the two quantities. This function allows to estimate mixing efficiency when the change in the background potential energy due to the ISWs breaking is unknown. We finally successfully apply our model to estimate the mixing efficiency under real field conditions. Plain Language Summary: Internal solitary waves (ISWs), generated by tide‐topography interactions or river plumes, represent one of the most energetic phenomena in the coastal oceans. Mixing due to ISWs breaking has a profound impact on water stratification, biological productivity, sediment resuspension and general oceanic energy balance. Through the mixing efficiency parameter, it is possible to give an estimation of the amount of incident wave energy contributing to the irreversible mixing of the density field. In this work, we study the breaking of ISWs over a sloping boundary by laboratory experiments, and we provide a heuristic semi‐analytic expression for the variation of the background potential energy, associated to the irreversible mixing process, and thus for the mixing efficiency. We also give an estimation of the mixing efficiency and we examine its relevance in real field environment. Key Points: Heuristic model to quantify mixing induced by breaking internal solitary waves (ISWs)Experimental estimation of the change in the total background potential energyPrediction of the mixing efficiency for breaking ISWs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Mixing Efficiency for Breaking Internal Solitary Waves.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22la+Forgia%2C+Giovanni%22">la Forgia, Giovanni</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cavaliere%2C+Davide%22">Cavaliere, Davide</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> davide.cavaliere@artov.ismar.cnr.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adduce%2C+Claudia%22">Adduce, Claudia</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Falcini%2C+Federico%22">Falcini, Federico</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Oceans%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans</searchLink>. Jun2021, Vol. 126 Issue 6, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tides%22">Tides</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sediments%22">Sediments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solitons%22">Solitons</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bioenergetics%22">Bioenergetics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Potential+energy%22">Potential energy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: We propose a semi‐analytic approach to estimate mixing induced by internal solitary waves (ISWs) breaking over a sloping boundary. The theoretical framework we develop describes the energetics of a stratified fluid flow during the interaction of ISWs with a slope. In particular, through both Ozmidov and Thorpe lengthscales we derive a heuristic expression for mixing efficiency, valid for plunging and plunging‐collapsing breakers. On the other hand, we perform laboratory experiments that also provide mixing efficiency by estimating both changes of the background potential energy and the incident and reflected ISWs energy. We then compare those results with the ones derived by our theoretical model, obtaining a power law that relates the two quantities. This function allows to estimate mixing efficiency when the change in the background potential energy due to the ISWs breaking is unknown. We finally successfully apply our model to estimate the mixing efficiency under real field conditions. Plain Language Summary: Internal solitary waves (ISWs), generated by tide‐topography interactions or river plumes, represent one of the most energetic phenomena in the coastal oceans. Mixing due to ISWs breaking has a profound impact on water stratification, biological productivity, sediment resuspension and general oceanic energy balance. Through the mixing efficiency parameter, it is possible to give an estimation of the amount of incident wave energy contributing to the irreversible mixing of the density field. In this work, we study the breaking of ISWs over a sloping boundary by laboratory experiments, and we provide a heuristic semi‐analytic expression for the variation of the background potential energy, associated to the irreversible mixing process, and thus for the mixing efficiency. We also give an estimation of the mixing efficiency and we examine its relevance in real field environment. Key Points: Heuristic model to quantify mixing induced by breaking internal solitary waves (ISWs)Experimental estimation of the change in the total background potential energyPrediction of the mixing efficiency for breaking ISWs [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2021JC017275
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Tides
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sediments
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Solitons
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      – SubjectFull: Bioenergetics
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      – SubjectFull: Potential energy
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      – TitleFull: Mixing Efficiency for Breaking Internal Solitary Waves.
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            NameFull: la Forgia, Giovanni
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            NameFull: Cavaliere, Davide
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            NameFull: Adduce, Claudia
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            NameFull: Falcini, Federico
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            – D: 01
              M: 06
              Text: Jun2021
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              Y: 2021
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