Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower.
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| Title: | Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower. |
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| Authors: | Sunjerga, Antonio1 antonio.sunjerga@epfl.ch, Rubinstein, Marcos2, Azadifar, Mohammad1, Mostajabi, Amirhossein1, Rachidi, Farhad1 |
| Source: | Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 9/27/2021, Vol. 126 Issue 18, p1-17. 17p. |
| Subject Terms: | Electric fields, Electromagnetic compatibility, Immunity testing (Electronics), Radio interference |
| Abstract: | We report the observation of three negative upward flashes recorded by a high‐speed camera at the Säntis Tower during the Summer of 2019. The camera was operating at 10,000 fps and an exposure time of 99 μs. Simultaneous measurements of the lightning current were obtained for all three flashes. The close electric field was measured for one of the observed flashes, which was analyzed in detail. In this flash, we observed 50 recoil leaders developing in the decayed channel with speeds characteristic of dart leader processes. Out of the 50 recoil leaders, 45 ended up as attempted leaders, three developed into M‐component‐type ICC (initial continuous current) processes, and two into return strokes. This study reveals that depending on the spatial and temporal properties of electric field in the area of the event and the main channel condition, recoil leaders can develop into different processes in upward negative lightning flashes such as attempted leaders, M‐components, M‐component‐type ICC events, mixed mode pulses, or return strokes. We observed M‐component‐type ICC events with junction heights as low as 137 m, while all of the observed mixed mode pulses seemed to attach directly to the structure. Bidirectional propagation of the recoil leader was also observed. Key Points: Recoil leaders main source of fast processes in negative lightningRecoil leaders initiate in bidirectional mannerMixed mode pulses connect directly to structure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | GreenFILE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 152653072 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sunjerga%2C+Antonio%22">Sunjerga, Antonio</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> antonio.sunjerga@epfl.ch</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubinstein%2C+Marcos%22">Rubinstein, Marcos</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Azadifar%2C+Mohammad%22">Azadifar, Mohammad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mostajabi%2C+Amirhossein%22">Mostajabi, Amirhossein</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rachidi%2C+Farhad%22">Rachidi, Farhad</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 9/27/2021, Vol. 126 Issue 18, p1-17. 17p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+compatibility%22">Electromagnetic compatibility</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Immunity+testing+%28Electronics%29%22">Immunity testing (Electronics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radio+interference%22">Radio interference</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: We report the observation of three negative upward flashes recorded by a high‐speed camera at the Säntis Tower during the Summer of 2019. The camera was operating at 10,000 fps and an exposure time of 99 μs. Simultaneous measurements of the lightning current were obtained for all three flashes. The close electric field was measured for one of the observed flashes, which was analyzed in detail. In this flash, we observed 50 recoil leaders developing in the decayed channel with speeds characteristic of dart leader processes. Out of the 50 recoil leaders, 45 ended up as attempted leaders, three developed into M‐component‐type ICC (initial continuous current) processes, and two into return strokes. This study reveals that depending on the spatial and temporal properties of electric field in the area of the event and the main channel condition, recoil leaders can develop into different processes in upward negative lightning flashes such as attempted leaders, M‐components, M‐component‐type ICC events, mixed mode pulses, or return strokes. We observed M‐component‐type ICC events with junction heights as low as 137 m, while all of the observed mixed mode pulses seemed to attach directly to the structure. Bidirectional propagation of the recoil leader was also observed. Key Points: Recoil leaders main source of fast processes in negative lightningRecoil leaders initiate in bidirectional mannerMixed mode pulses connect directly to structure [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
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| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1029/2021JD035238 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 17 StartPage: 1 Subjects: – SubjectFull: Electric fields Type: general – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic compatibility Type: general – SubjectFull: Immunity testing (Electronics) Type: general – SubjectFull: Radio interference Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Bidirectional Recoil Leaders in Upward Lightning Flashes Observed at the Säntis Tower. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Sunjerga, Antonio – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rubinstein, Marcos – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Azadifar, Mohammad – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Mostajabi, Amirhossein – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Rachidi, Farhad IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 27 M: 09 Text: 9/27/2021 Type: published Y: 2021 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 2169897X Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 126 – Type: issue Value: 18 Titles: – TitleFull: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres Type: main |
| ResultId | 1 |
