Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) agroforestry systems. A review.

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Title: Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) agroforestry systems. A review.
Authors: Somarriba, Eduardo1 (AUTHOR) esomarri@catie.ac.cr, Peguero, Felipe1 (AUTHOR), Cerda, Rolando1 (AUTHOR), Orozco-Aguilar, Luis2 (AUTHOR), López-Sampson, Arlene1 (AUTHOR), Leandro-Muñoz, Mariela E.1 (AUTHOR), Jagoret, Patrick3,4 (AUTHOR), Sinclair, Fergus L.5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Agronomy for Sustainable Development (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.). Oct2021, Vol. 41 Issue 5, p1-19. 19p.
Subject Terms: *Agroforestry, *Disease outbreaks, *Food crops, *Tree crops, Cocoa, Cacao growers
Abstract: Cocoa farmers must decide on whether to rehabilitate (Rh) or to renovate (Re) a cocoa orchard when its productivity declines due to ageing, disease outbreaks or other causes. Deciding on Rh/Re is often a complex, expensive and conflictive process. In this review, we (1) explore the diversity of contexts, driving forces, stakeholders and recommended management practices involved in Rh/Re initiatives in key cocoa-producing countries; (2) summarise the often conflicting views of farmers and extension agents on Rh/Re programmes; (3) review the evidence of age-related changes in planting density and yield of cocoa, given the weight of these variables in Rh/Re decision processes; (4) describe the best known Rh/Re systems and their most common management practices; (5) propose an agroforestry Re approach that overcomes the limitation of current Rh/Re diagnosis protocols, which do not consider the regular flow of food crop and tree products, and the need to restore site soil quality to sustain another cycle of cultivation of cocoa at the same site; and (6) explore the effects of climate change considerations on Rh/Re decision-making and implementation processes. Each Rh/Re decision-making process is unique and highly context-dependent (household and farm, soil, climate, culture). Tailored solutions are needed for each farmer and context. The analysis, concepts and models presented for cocoa in this paper may also apply to coffee orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Agronomy for Sustainable Development (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Rehabilitation and renovation of cocoa (Theobromacacao L.) agroforestry systems. A review.
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  Data: Cocoa farmers must decide on whether to rehabilitate (Rh) or to renovate (Re) a cocoa orchard when its productivity declines due to ageing, disease outbreaks or other causes. Deciding on Rh/Re is often a complex, expensive and conflictive process. In this review, we (1) explore the diversity of contexts, driving forces, stakeholders and recommended management practices involved in Rh/Re initiatives in key cocoa-producing countries; (2) summarise the often conflicting views of farmers and extension agents on Rh/Re programmes; (3) review the evidence of age-related changes in planting density and yield of cocoa, given the weight of these variables in Rh/Re decision processes; (4) describe the best known Rh/Re systems and their most common management practices; (5) propose an agroforestry Re approach that overcomes the limitation of current Rh/Re diagnosis protocols, which do not consider the regular flow of food crop and tree products, and the need to restore site soil quality to sustain another cycle of cultivation of cocoa at the same site; and (6) explore the effects of climate change considerations on Rh/Re decision-making and implementation processes. Each Rh/Re decision-making process is unique and highly context-dependent (household and farm, soil, climate, culture). Tailored solutions are needed for each farmer and context. The analysis, concepts and models presented for cocoa in this paper may also apply to coffee orchards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Agronomy for Sustainable Development (Springer Science & Business Media B.V.) is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1007/s13593-021-00717-9
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 19
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      – SubjectFull: Agroforestry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Disease outbreaks
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Food crops
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Tree crops
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      – SubjectFull: Cocoa
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      – SubjectFull: Cacao growers
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              Text: Oct2021
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