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Beyond BACI: Offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines.

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Title: Beyond BACI: Offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines.
Authors: Mercker, Moritz1,2 (AUTHOR) mmercker@bionum.de, Jödicke, Klaus3 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Dec2021, Vol. 11 Issue 23, p16716-16726. 11p.
Subject Terms: Electric lines, Bird flight, Risk assessment, Statistical power analysis, Experimental design, Flight
Abstract: The continuing global expansion of electricity networks increases the risk of bird collisions with power lines. Several field studies have demonstrated that this risk can be reduced by marking lines with flight diverters. A before‐after control‐impact (BACI) design is currently the suggested approach for evaluating the effectiveness of these diverters and is generally assumed to give unbiased results.Using systematic flight survey data, we demonstrate that the assumptions underlying the BACI approach are frequently violated, leading to biased effectiveness estimates. We present an alternative field and statistical design in which the number of bird strike victims is directly related to bird flight intensity ("fusion design"), instead of estimating it indirectly using a control site. The presented design is validated based on simulations.We demonstrate that the presented method is unbiased and shows an approximately 3‐fold higher statistical power compared with BACI, even under ideal/unbiased data conditions, with similar field‐experimental effort. Moreover, this approach can provide a direct analysis of bird reactions/collisions, estimation of collision rates, and the possibility of conducting the required fieldwork within a single season.Our presented method can be used to standardize and improve future studies on diverter effectiveness, for example, by supporting the acquisition of a more detailed picture of species‐, diverter type‐, and habitat‐specific estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
Database: GreenFILE
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An: 154104097
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PubType: Academic Journal
PubTypeId: academicJournal
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  Data: Beyond BACI: Offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mercker%2C+Moritz%22">Mercker, Moritz</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> mmercker@bionum.de</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Jödicke%2C+Klaus%22">Jödicke, Klaus</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Dec2021, Vol. 11 Issue 23, p16716-16726. 11p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bird+flight%22">Bird flight</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Risk+assessment%22">Risk assessment</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Statistical+power+analysis%22">Statistical power analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Experimental+design%22">Experimental design</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Flight%22">Flight</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The continuing global expansion of electricity networks increases the risk of bird collisions with power lines. Several field studies have demonstrated that this risk can be reduced by marking lines with flight diverters. A before‐after control‐impact (BACI) design is currently the suggested approach for evaluating the effectiveness of these diverters and is generally assumed to give unbiased results.Using systematic flight survey data, we demonstrate that the assumptions underlying the BACI approach are frequently violated, leading to biased effectiveness estimates. We present an alternative field and statistical design in which the number of bird strike victims is directly related to bird flight intensity ("fusion design"), instead of estimating it indirectly using a control site. The presented design is validated based on simulations.We demonstrate that the presented method is unbiased and shows an approximately 3‐fold higher statistical power compared with BACI, even under ideal/unbiased data conditions, with similar field‐experimental effort. Moreover, this approach can provide a direct analysis of bird reactions/collisions, estimation of collision rates, and the possibility of conducting the required fieldwork within a single season.Our presented method can be used to standardize and improve future studies on diverter effectiveness, for example, by supporting the acquisition of a more detailed picture of species‐, diverter type‐, and habitat‐specific estimates. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ece3.8291
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 16716
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Electric lines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bird flight
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Statistical power analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Experimental design
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Flight
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Beyond BACI: Offsetting carcass numbers with flight intensity to improve risk assessments of bird collisions with power lines.
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            – D: 01
              M: 12
              Text: Dec2021
              Type: published
              Y: 2021
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