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Avian influenza overview September – December 2021.

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Title: Avian influenza overview September – December 2021.
Authors: Adlhoch, Cornelia (AUTHOR), Fusaro, Alice (AUTHOR), Gonzales, José L (AUTHOR), Kuiken, Thijs (AUTHOR), Marangon, Stefano (AUTHOR), Niqueux, Éric (AUTHOR), Staubach, Christoph (AUTHOR), Terregino, Calogero (AUTHOR), Aznar, Inma (AUTHOR), Muñoz Guajardo, Irene (AUTHOR), Baldinelli, Francesca (AUTHOR)
Source: EFSA Journal. Dec2021, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p1-94. 94p.
Subject Terms: *Avian influenza, *Bird populations, Poultry farms, Poultry industry, Virus diversity, H5N1 Influenza
Abstract: Between 16 September and 8 December 2021, 867 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 27 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (316), in wild (523) and in captive birds (28). The detections in poultry were mainly reported by Italy (167) followed by Hungary and Poland (35 each). Tha majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (280), Netherlands (65) and United Kingdom (53). The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. The frequent occurrence of HPAI A(H5) incursions in commercial farms (including poultry production types considered at low avian influenza risk) raises concern about the capacity of the applied biosecurity measures to prevent virus introduction. Short‐term preparedness and medium‐ and long‐term prevention strategies, including revising and reinforcing biosecurity measures, reduction of the density of commercial poultry farms and possible appropriate vaccination strategies, should be implemented. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses characterised during this reporting period belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of the characterized HPAI A(H5N1) viruses detected in Sweden, Germany, Poland and United Kingdom are related to the viruses which have been circulating in Europe since October 2020; in North, Central, South and East Europe novel reassortant A(H5N1) virus has been introduced starting from October 2021. HPAI A(H5N1) was also detected in wild mammal species in Sweden, Estonia and Finland; some of these strains characterised so far present an adaptive marker that is associated with increased virulence and replication in mammals. Since the last report, 13 human infections due to HPAI A(H5N6) and two human cases due to LPAI A(H9N2) virus have been reported from China. Some of these A(H5N6) cases were caused by a reassortant virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, which possessed an HA gene closely related to the A(H5) viruses circulating in Europe. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium, with large uncertainty due to the high diversity of circulating viruses in the bird populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of EFSA Journal is the property of European Food Safety Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Avian influenza overview September – December 2021.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adlhoch%2C+Cornelia%22">Adlhoch, Cornelia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fusaro%2C+Alice%22">Fusaro, Alice</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gonzales%2C+José+L%22">Gonzales, José L</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuiken%2C+Thijs%22">Kuiken, Thijs</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marangon%2C+Stefano%22">Marangon, Stefano</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niqueux%2C+Éric%22">Niqueux, Éric</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Staubach%2C+Christoph%22">Staubach, Christoph</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Terregino%2C+Calogero%22">Terregino, Calogero</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aznar%2C+Inma%22">Aznar, Inma</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muñoz+Guajardo%2C+Irene%22">Muñoz Guajardo, Irene</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baldinelli%2C+Francesca%22">Baldinelli, Francesca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22EFSA+Journal%22">EFSA Journal</searchLink>. Dec2021, Vol. 19 Issue 12, p1-94. 94p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Avian+influenza%22">Avian influenza</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Bird+populations%22">Bird populations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poultry+farms%22">Poultry farms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poultry+industry%22">Poultry industry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Virus+diversity%22">Virus diversity</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22H5N1+Influenza%22">H5N1 Influenza</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Between 16 September and 8 December 2021, 867 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 27 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (316), in wild (523) and in captive birds (28). The detections in poultry were mainly reported by Italy (167) followed by Hungary and Poland (35 each). Tha majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (280), Netherlands (65) and United Kingdom (53). The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. The frequent occurrence of HPAI A(H5) incursions in commercial farms (including poultry production types considered at low avian influenza risk) raises concern about the capacity of the applied biosecurity measures to prevent virus introduction. Short‐term preparedness and medium‐ and long‐term prevention strategies, including revising and reinforcing biosecurity measures, reduction of the density of commercial poultry farms and possible appropriate vaccination strategies, should be implemented. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses characterised during this reporting period belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of the characterized HPAI A(H5N1) viruses detected in Sweden, Germany, Poland and United Kingdom are related to the viruses which have been circulating in Europe since October 2020; in North, Central, South and East Europe novel reassortant A(H5N1) virus has been introduced starting from October 2021. HPAI A(H5N1) was also detected in wild mammal species in Sweden, Estonia and Finland; some of these strains characterised so far present an adaptive marker that is associated with increased virulence and replication in mammals. Since the last report, 13 human infections due to HPAI A(H5N6) and two human cases due to LPAI A(H9N2) virus have been reported from China. Some of these A(H5N6) cases were caused by a reassortant virus of clade 2.3.4.4b, which possessed an HA gene closely related to the A(H5) viruses circulating in Europe. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium, with large uncertainty due to the high diversity of circulating viruses in the bird populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of EFSA Journal is the property of European Food Safety Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2903/j.efsa.2021.7108
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 94
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      – SubjectFull: Avian influenza
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Bird populations
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poultry farms
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      – SubjectFull: Poultry industry
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      – SubjectFull: Virus diversity
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              Text: Dec2021
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