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Average Ring Current Response to Solar Wind Drivers: Statistical Analysis of 61 Days of ENA Images.

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Title: Average Ring Current Response to Solar Wind Drivers: Statistical Analysis of 61 Days of ENA Images.
Authors: Goldstein, J.1,2 jgoldstein@swri.edu, Valek, P. W.1, McComas, D. J.3, Redfern, J.4
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Jan2022, Vol. 127 Issue 1, p1-33. 33p.
Subject Terms: Solar wind, Quantitative research, Magnetic fields, Magnetosphere, Electric fields
Abstract: This paper presents the first determination of the average global and regional response of ring current (RC) flux intensity versus four key solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters: SW electric field (ESW), IMF polarity (BZ,IMF), SW pressure (PSW), and SW speed (VSW). We analyze energetic neutral atom (ENA) images from Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) to measure the RC response, and use 5-min downstream-propagated data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind to measure SW driving. Our imaging data comprises 61 events, including 1,838 global 2D equatorial maps of line-of-sight (LOS) averaged ion flux derived from backgroundsubtracted, 15 min TWINS ENA images spanning 1-30 keV. Average spatial and spectral distributions were organized into four driver strength groups for each SW parameter. ESW has the strongest correlation with RC ion flux (coefficients are [0.95, 0.94, 0.88] at [1, 16, 30] keV, respectively), confirming that magnetospheric convection is a primary driver. In case studies, the global RC responds rapidly (=15 min) to changes in ESW ranging from strong to weak. PSW is correlated with RC intensity, though not as strongly as ESW, indicating the secondary importance of PSW-driven compression in RC injections. Strong ESW increases lower-energy ions farther eastward and higher-energy ions closer to midnight, consistent with an energy-dependent interplay between magnetic drift and convection. The strongest SW driving preferentially increases the least energetic ions, suggesting that quasi-steady convection can load the nightside RC with cooler ions. Plain Language Summary This study uses global imaging to obtain the first systematic, empirical determination of the average response to driving by the solar wind of the Earth's ring current, a toroidal region of energetic plasma that encircles the planet in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Average Ring Current Response to Solar Wind Drivers: Statistical Analysis of 61 Days of ENA Images.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Jan2022, Vol. 127 Issue 1, p1-33. 33p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Quantitative+research%22">Quantitative research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetosphere%22">Magnetosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
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  Data: This paper presents the first determination of the average global and regional response of ring current (RC) flux intensity versus four key solar wind (SW) and interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) parameters: SW electric field (ESW), IMF polarity (BZ,IMF), SW pressure (PSW), and SW speed (VSW). We analyze energetic neutral atom (ENA) images from Two Wide-angle Imaging Neutral-atom Spectrometers (TWINS) to measure the RC response, and use 5-min downstream-propagated data from the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) and Wind to measure SW driving. Our imaging data comprises 61 events, including 1,838 global 2D equatorial maps of line-of-sight (LOS) averaged ion flux derived from backgroundsubtracted, 15 min TWINS ENA images spanning 1-30 keV. Average spatial and spectral distributions were organized into four driver strength groups for each SW parameter. ESW has the strongest correlation with RC ion flux (coefficients are [0.95, 0.94, 0.88] at [1, 16, 30] keV, respectively), confirming that magnetospheric convection is a primary driver. In case studies, the global RC responds rapidly (=15 min) to changes in ESW ranging from strong to weak. PSW is correlated with RC intensity, though not as strongly as ESW, indicating the secondary importance of PSW-driven compression in RC injections. Strong ESW increases lower-energy ions farther eastward and higher-energy ions closer to midnight, consistent with an energy-dependent interplay between magnetic drift and convection. The strongest SW driving preferentially increases the least energetic ions, suggesting that quasi-steady convection can load the nightside RC with cooler ions. Plain Language Summary This study uses global imaging to obtain the first systematic, empirical determination of the average response to driving by the solar wind of the Earth's ring current, a toroidal region of energetic plasma that encircles the planet in space. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2021JA029938
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields
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      – TitleFull: Average Ring Current Response to Solar Wind Drivers: Statistical Analysis of 61 Days of ENA Images.
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              Text: Jan2022
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