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Effects of Rhododendron removal and prescribed fire on bees and plants in the southern Appalachians.

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Title: Effects of Rhododendron removal and prescribed fire on bees and plants in the southern Appalachians.
Authors: Ulyshen, Michael1 (AUTHOR) michael.d.ulyshen@usda.gov, Elliott, Katherine2 (AUTHOR), Scott, Joel2 (AUTHOR), Horn, Scott1 (AUTHOR), Clinton, Patsy2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Ning3 (AUTHOR), Miniat, Chelcy F.4 (AUTHOR), Caldwell, Peter2 (AUTHOR), Oishi, Chris2 (AUTHOR), Knoepp, Jennifer2 (AUTHOR), Bolstad, Paul5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Mar2022, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Prescribed burning, *Pollination, *Watersheds, *Pollinators, *Land management, Honey plants, Rhododendrons
Geographic Terms: Appalachian Mountains
Abstract: Rhododendron maximum is an evergreen shrub native to the Appalachian Mountains of North America that has expanded in recent decades due to past disturbances and land management. The purpose of this study was to explore how bees and plants were affected by the experimental removal of R. maximum followed by a prescribed fire in one watershed compared to a neighboring reference watershed. Bees and plants were sampled for three years in both watersheds. Comparisons were based on the rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves of Hill numbers as well as multivariate methods to assess effects on community composition. Bee richness, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity did not differ between watersheds in the year after removal but were all significantly higher in the removal watershed in year two, following the prescribed fire. Bee Shannon's diversity and Simpson's diversity, but not richness, remained significantly higher in the removal watershed in the third year. Similar but weaker patterns were observed for plants. Comparisons of community composition found significant differences for bees in the second and third year and significant differences for plants in all three years. For both groups, significant indicator taxa were mostly associated with the removal watershed. Because bees appeared to respond more strongly to the prescribed fire than to the removal of R. maximum and these benefits weakened considerably one year after the fire, clearing R. maximum does not appear to dramatically improve pollinator habitat in the southern Appalachians. This conclusion is underscored by the fact that about one quarter of the bee species in our study area were observed visiting R. maximum flowers. The creation of open areas with wildflowers may be a better way to benefit bees in this region judging from the high diversity of bees captured in the small roadside clearings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Effects of Rhododendron removal and prescribed fire on bees and plants in the southern Appalachians.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ulyshen%2C+Michael%22">Ulyshen, Michael</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> michael.d.ulyshen@usda.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Elliott%2C+Katherine%22">Elliott, Katherine</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Scott%2C+Joel%22">Scott, Joel</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Horn%2C+Scott%22">Horn, Scott</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clinton%2C+Patsy%22">Clinton, Patsy</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ning%22">Liu, Ning</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Miniat%2C+Chelcy+F%2E%22">Miniat, Chelcy F.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Caldwell%2C+Peter%22">Caldwell, Peter</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oishi%2C+Chris%22">Oishi, Chris</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Knoepp%2C+Jennifer%22">Knoepp, Jennifer</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bolstad%2C+Paul%22">Bolstad, Paul</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Mar2022, Vol. 12 Issue 3, p1-18. 18p.
– Name: Subject
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prescribed+burning%22">Prescribed burning</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollination%22">Pollination</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Watersheds%22">Watersheds</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pollinators%22">Pollinators</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Land+management%22">Land management</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Honey+plants%22">Honey plants</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rhododendrons%22">Rhododendrons</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Appalachian+Mountains%22">Appalachian Mountains</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Rhododendron maximum is an evergreen shrub native to the Appalachian Mountains of North America that has expanded in recent decades due to past disturbances and land management. The purpose of this study was to explore how bees and plants were affected by the experimental removal of R. maximum followed by a prescribed fire in one watershed compared to a neighboring reference watershed. Bees and plants were sampled for three years in both watersheds. Comparisons were based on the rarefaction and extrapolation sampling curves of Hill numbers as well as multivariate methods to assess effects on community composition. Bee richness, Shannon's diversity, and Simpson's diversity did not differ between watersheds in the year after removal but were all significantly higher in the removal watershed in year two, following the prescribed fire. Bee Shannon's diversity and Simpson's diversity, but not richness, remained significantly higher in the removal watershed in the third year. Similar but weaker patterns were observed for plants. Comparisons of community composition found significant differences for bees in the second and third year and significant differences for plants in all three years. For both groups, significant indicator taxa were mostly associated with the removal watershed. Because bees appeared to respond more strongly to the prescribed fire than to the removal of R. maximum and these benefits weakened considerably one year after the fire, clearing R. maximum does not appear to dramatically improve pollinator habitat in the southern Appalachians. This conclusion is underscored by the fact that about one quarter of the bee species in our study area were observed visiting R. maximum flowers. The creation of open areas with wildflowers may be a better way to benefit bees in this region judging from the high diversity of bees captured in the small roadside clearings in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ece3.8677
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Prescribed burning
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollination
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Watersheds
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pollinators
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Land management
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Honey plants
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rhododendrons
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Appalachian Mountains
        Type: general
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      – TitleFull: Effects of Rhododendron removal and prescribed fire on bees and plants in the southern Appalachians.
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              Text: Mar2022
              Type: published
              Y: 2022
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