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Avian influenza overview December 2021 – March 2022.

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Title: Avian influenza overview December 2021 – March 2022.
Authors: Adlhoch, Cornelia (AUTHOR), Fusaro, Alice (AUTHOR), Gonzales, José L (AUTHOR), Kuiken, Thijs (AUTHOR), Marangon, Stefano (AUTHOR), Niqueux, Éric (AUTHOR), Staubach, Christoph (AUTHOR), Terregino, Calogero (AUTHOR), Aznar, Inma (AUTHOR), Muñoz Guajardo, Irene (AUTHOR), Baldinelli, Francesca (AUTHOR)
Source: EFSA Journal. Apr2022, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1-64. 64p.
Subject Terms: *Avian influenza, Poultry farms, Genetic markers, Poultry industry, H5N1 Influenza, Poultry
Abstract: Between 9 December 2021 and 15 March 2022, 2,653 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 33 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (1,030), in wild (1,489) and in captive birds (133). The outbreaks in poultry were mainly reported by France (609), where two spatiotemporal clusters have been identified since October 2021, followed by Italy (131), Hungary (73) and Poland (53); those reporting countries accounted together for 12.8 of the 17.5 million birds that were culled in the HPAI affected poultry establishments in this reporting period. The majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (767), the Netherlands (293), the UK (118) and Denmark (74). HPAI A(H5) was detected in a wide range of host species in wild birds, indicating an increasing and changing risk for virus incursion into poultry farms. The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. This requires the definition and the rapid implementation of suitable and sustainable HPAI mitigation strategies such as appropriate biosecurity measures, surveillance plans and early detection measures in the different poultry production systems. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses currently circulating in Europe belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of these viruses were also detected in wild mammal species in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Finland and Ireland showing genetic markers of adaptation to replication in mammals. Since the last report, the UK reported one human infection with A(H5N1), China 17 human infections with A(H5N6), and China and Cambodia 15 infections with A(H9N2) virus. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of EFSA Journal is the property of European Food Safety Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Avian influenza overview December 2021 – March 2022.
– Name: Author
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Adlhoch%2C+Cornelia%22">Adlhoch, Cornelia</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fusaro%2C+Alice%22">Fusaro, Alice</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gonzales%2C+José+L%22">Gonzales, José L</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kuiken%2C+Thijs%22">Kuiken, Thijs</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marangon%2C+Stefano%22">Marangon, Stefano</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Niqueux%2C+Éric%22">Niqueux, Éric</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Staubach%2C+Christoph%22">Staubach, Christoph</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Terregino%2C+Calogero%22">Terregino, Calogero</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aznar%2C+Inma%22">Aznar, Inma</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Muñoz+Guajardo%2C+Irene%22">Muñoz Guajardo, Irene</searchLink> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Baldinelli%2C+Francesca%22">Baldinelli, Francesca</searchLink> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22EFSA+Journal%22">EFSA Journal</searchLink>. Apr2022, Vol. 20 Issue 4, p1-64. 64p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Avian+influenza%22">Avian influenza</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poultry+farms%22">Poultry farms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Genetic+markers%22">Genetic markers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poultry+industry%22">Poultry industry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22H5N1+Influenza%22">H5N1 Influenza</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Poultry%22">Poultry</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Between 9 December 2021 and 15 March 2022, 2,653 highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) virus detections were reported in 33 EU/EEA countries and the UK in poultry (1,030), in wild (1,489) and in captive birds (133). The outbreaks in poultry were mainly reported by France (609), where two spatiotemporal clusters have been identified since October 2021, followed by Italy (131), Hungary (73) and Poland (53); those reporting countries accounted together for 12.8 of the 17.5 million birds that were culled in the HPAI affected poultry establishments in this reporting period. The majority of the detections in wild birds were reported by Germany (767), the Netherlands (293), the UK (118) and Denmark (74). HPAI A(H5) was detected in a wide range of host species in wild birds, indicating an increasing and changing risk for virus incursion into poultry farms. The observed persistence and continuous circulation of HPAI viruses in migratory and resident wild birds will continue to pose a risk for the poultry industry in Europe for the coming months. This requires the definition and the rapid implementation of suitable and sustainable HPAI mitigation strategies such as appropriate biosecurity measures, surveillance plans and early detection measures in the different poultry production systems. The results of the genetic analysis indicate that the viruses currently circulating in Europe belong to clade 2.3.4.4b. Some of these viruses were also detected in wild mammal species in the Netherlands, Slovenia, Finland and Ireland showing genetic markers of adaptation to replication in mammals. Since the last report, the UK reported one human infection with A(H5N1), China 17 human infections with A(H5N6), and China and Cambodia 15 infections with A(H9N2) virus. The risk of infection for the general population in the EU/EEA is assessed as low, and for occupationally exposed people, low to medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of EFSA Journal is the property of European Food Safety Authority and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.2903/j.efsa.2022.7289
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 64
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      – SubjectFull: Avian influenza
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poultry farms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Genetic markers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Poultry industry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: H5N1 Influenza
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      – TitleFull: Avian influenza overview December 2021 – March 2022.
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              Text: Apr2022
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