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Multiple Reconnection X‐Lines at the Magnetopause and Overlapping Cusp Ion Injections.

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Title: Multiple Reconnection X‐Lines at the Magnetopause and Overlapping Cusp Ion Injections.
Authors: Fuselier, S. A.1,2 (AUTHOR) sfuselier@swri.edu, Kletzing, C. A.3 (AUTHOR), Petrinec, S. M.4 (AUTHOR), Trattner, K. J.5 (AUTHOR), George, D.1 (AUTHOR), Bounds, S. R.3 (AUTHOR), Sawyer, R. P.3 (AUTHOR), Bonnell, J. W.6 (AUTHOR), Burch, J. L.1 (AUTHOR), Giles, B. L.7 (AUTHOR), Strangeway, R. J.8 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. May2022, Vol. 127 Issue 5, p1-13. 13p.
Subject Terms: *Geomagnetism, Magnetopause, Solar magnetic fields, Interplanetary magnetic fields, Magnetic reconnection, Solar wind
Abstract: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations during an extended crossing of the Earth's dayside magnetopause show evidence of multiple reconnections at the boundary. This crossing occurred when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) was southward and had a significant BY component. Approximately 2 hr after this crossing, the Twin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 rockets were launched into the northern hemisphere cusp and observed overlapping cusp ion injections. These overlapping injections are also evidence of multiple reconnections at the magnetopause. Observations more than 2 hr apart do not constitute conjunction between the spacecraft and the rockets. However, the IMF conditions during the magnetopause crossing and the cusp traversal were very similar. Therefore, had the magnetopause crossings and cusp traversals occurred at the same time, the observations would have been similar. Thus, these two events illustrate the link between multiple reconnections at the magnetopause and overlapping cusp ion injections. Plain Language Summary: Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in plasmas that interconnects magnetic field lines on either side of a current layer and converts magnetic energy into particle energy. It is the primary process that interconnects the magnetic field of the Sun with the magnetic field of the Earth at the current layer interface called the magnetopause. Ions and electrons from the solar wind follow these interconnected field lines into the Earth's magnetospheric cusps. Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause occurs along long lines, called X‐lines. This paper discusses observations at the magnetopause and in the cusp that indicate that there are actually multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause and these multiple X‐lines produce a specific signature in the cusp called overlapping ion injections. Key Points: Magnetospheric multiscale observations often show evidence of multiple reconnection at the magnetopauseTwin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 observations of overlapping cusp ion injections are also evidence of multiple reconnections at the magnetopauseThere is a strong link between multiple reconnections at the magnetopause and overlapping cusp ion dispersions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Multiple Reconnection X‐Lines at the Magnetopause and Overlapping Cusp Ion Injections.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Fuselier%2C+S%2E+A%2E%22">Fuselier, S. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> sfuselier@swri.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kletzing%2C+C%2E+A%2E%22">Kletzing, C. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Petrinec%2C+S%2E+M%2E%22">Petrinec, S. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trattner%2C+K%2E+J%2E%22">Trattner, K. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22George%2C+D%2E%22">George, D.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bounds%2C+S%2E+R%2E%22">Bounds, S. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sawyer%2C+R%2E+P%2E%22">Sawyer, R. P.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bonnell%2C+J%2E+W%2E%22">Bonnell, J. W.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burch%2C+J%2E+L%2E%22">Burch, J. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Giles%2C+B%2E+L%2E%22">Giles, B. L.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Strangeway%2C+R%2E+J%2E%22">Strangeway, R. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. May2022, Vol. 127 Issue 5, p1-13. 13p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetism%22">Geomagnetism</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetopause%22">Magnetopause</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+magnetic+fields%22">Solar magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interplanetary+magnetic+fields%22">Interplanetary magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+reconnection%22">Magnetic reconnection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink>
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  Data: Magnetospheric Multiscale (MMS) observations during an extended crossing of the Earth's dayside magnetopause show evidence of multiple reconnections at the boundary. This crossing occurred when the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) was southward and had a significant BY component. Approximately 2 hr after this crossing, the Twin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 rockets were launched into the northern hemisphere cusp and observed overlapping cusp ion injections. These overlapping injections are also evidence of multiple reconnections at the magnetopause. Observations more than 2 hr apart do not constitute conjunction between the spacecraft and the rockets. However, the IMF conditions during the magnetopause crossing and the cusp traversal were very similar. Therefore, had the magnetopause crossings and cusp traversals occurred at the same time, the observations would have been similar. Thus, these two events illustrate the link between multiple reconnections at the magnetopause and overlapping cusp ion injections. Plain Language Summary: Magnetic reconnection is a fundamental process in plasmas that interconnects magnetic field lines on either side of a current layer and converts magnetic energy into particle energy. It is the primary process that interconnects the magnetic field of the Sun with the magnetic field of the Earth at the current layer interface called the magnetopause. Ions and electrons from the solar wind follow these interconnected field lines into the Earth's magnetospheric cusps. Magnetic reconnection at the magnetopause occurs along long lines, called X‐lines. This paper discusses observations at the magnetopause and in the cusp that indicate that there are actually multiple X‐lines at the magnetopause and these multiple X‐lines produce a specific signature in the cusp called overlapping ion injections. Key Points: Magnetospheric multiscale observations often show evidence of multiple reconnection at the magnetopauseTwin Rocket Investigation of Cusp Electrodynamics‐2 observations of overlapping cusp ion injections are also evidence of multiple reconnections at the magnetopauseThere is a strong link between multiple reconnections at the magnetopause and overlapping cusp ion dispersions [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2022JA030354
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        Text: English
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