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Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes With Accompanying Elves Detected by ASIM.

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Title: Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes With Accompanying Elves Detected by ASIM.
Authors: Bjørge‐Engeland, Ingrid1 (AUTHOR) ingrid.engeland@uib.no, Østgaard, Nikolai1 (AUTHOR), Mezentsev, Andrey1 (AUTHOR), Skeie, Chris Alexander1 (AUTHOR), Sarria, David1 (AUTHOR), Lapierre, Jeff2 (AUTHOR), Lindanger, Anders1 (AUTHOR), Neubert, Torsten3 (AUTHOR), Marisaldi, Martino1,4 (AUTHOR), Lehtinen, Nikolai1 (AUTHOR), Chanrion, Olivier3 (AUTHOR), Ullaland, Kjetil1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Shiming1 (AUTHOR), Genov, Georgi1 (AUTHOR), Christiansen, Freddy3 (AUTHOR), Reglero, Victor5 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 6/16/2022, Vol. 127 Issue 11, p1-21. 21p.
Subject Terms: *Ionosphere, Atmospherics, Visible spectra, Lightning, Free electron lasers, Electromagnetic pulses
Abstract: The Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor was designed to monitor Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) and Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) from space, enabling the study of how these phenomena are related. In this paper, we present observations of 17 TGFs with accompanying Elves. TGFs are short and highly energetic bursts of gamma photons associated with lightning discharges, whereas Elves are TLEs that are observed as concentric rings of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light at ionospheric altitudes, produced by the excitation of N2 molecules when an electromagnetic pulse hits the base of the ionosphere. Elves were identified when optical detections in the UV band could be clearly distinguished from other optical signals from lightning strokes. The TGFs they accompanied had short durations and were associated with particularly high peak current lightning. Lightning sferics associated with these events were detected by the global lightning network GLD360 and the World Wide Lightning Location Network, and they were, with the exception of one event, observed over ocean or coastal regions. It is likely that these events were associated with Energetic In‐cloud Pulses. We show that short duration TGFs tend to be associated with higher peak currents than long duration TGFs. Key Points: We present a sample of 17 Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) with accompanying Elves detected by Atmosphere‐Space Interactions MonitorTGFs with Elves are short and associated with very high peak current lightningThe peak currents for these events are higher than for both lightning and TGFs in general [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes With Accompanying Elves Detected by ASIM.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bjørge‐Engeland%2C+Ingrid%22">Bjørge‐Engeland, Ingrid</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> ingrid.engeland@uib.no</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Østgaard%2C+Nikolai%22">Østgaard, Nikolai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mezentsev%2C+Andrey%22">Mezentsev, Andrey</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Skeie%2C+Chris+Alexander%22">Skeie, Chris Alexander</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sarria%2C+David%22">Sarria, David</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lapierre%2C+Jeff%22">Lapierre, Jeff</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lindanger%2C+Anders%22">Lindanger, Anders</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neubert%2C+Torsten%22">Neubert, Torsten</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marisaldi%2C+Martino%22">Marisaldi, Martino</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lehtinen%2C+Nikolai%22">Lehtinen, Nikolai</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chanrion%2C+Olivier%22">Chanrion, Olivier</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ullaland%2C+Kjetil%22">Ullaland, Kjetil</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Shiming%22">Yang, Shiming</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Genov%2C+Georgi%22">Genov, Georgi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Christiansen%2C+Freddy%22">Christiansen, Freddy</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reglero%2C+Victor%22">Reglero, Victor</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 6/16/2022, Vol. 127 Issue 11, p1-21. 21p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ionosphere%22">Ionosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospherics%22">Atmospherics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Visible+spectra%22">Visible spectra</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lightning%22">Lightning</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Free+electron+lasers%22">Free electron lasers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+pulses%22">Electromagnetic pulses</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Atmosphere‐Space Interactions Monitor was designed to monitor Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) and Transient Luminous Events (TLEs) from space, enabling the study of how these phenomena are related. In this paper, we present observations of 17 TGFs with accompanying Elves. TGFs are short and highly energetic bursts of gamma photons associated with lightning discharges, whereas Elves are TLEs that are observed as concentric rings of ultraviolet (UV) and visible light at ionospheric altitudes, produced by the excitation of N2 molecules when an electromagnetic pulse hits the base of the ionosphere. Elves were identified when optical detections in the UV band could be clearly distinguished from other optical signals from lightning strokes. The TGFs they accompanied had short durations and were associated with particularly high peak current lightning. Lightning sferics associated with these events were detected by the global lightning network GLD360 and the World Wide Lightning Location Network, and they were, with the exception of one event, observed over ocean or coastal regions. It is likely that these events were associated with Energetic In‐cloud Pulses. We show that short duration TGFs tend to be associated with higher peak currents than long duration TGFs. Key Points: We present a sample of 17 Terrestrial Gamma‐ray Flashes (TGFs) with accompanying Elves detected by Atmosphere‐Space Interactions MonitorTGFs with Elves are short and associated with very high peak current lightningThe peak currents for these events are higher than for both lightning and TGFs in general [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2021JD036368
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 21
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      – SubjectFull: Ionosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospherics
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Visible spectra
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      – SubjectFull: Lightning
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      – SubjectFull: Free electron lasers
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      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic pulses
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      – TitleFull: Terrestrial Gamma‐Ray Flashes With Accompanying Elves Detected by ASIM.
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