Large-scale evaluation of microorganism inactivation by bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices.
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| Title: | Large-scale evaluation of microorganism inactivation by bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices. |
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| Authors: | Ratliff, Katherine M.1 (AUTHOR) Ratliff.Katherine@epa.gov, Oudejans, Lukas1 (AUTHOR), Archer, John1 (AUTHOR), Calfee, Worth1 (AUTHOR), Gilberry, Jerome U.2 (AUTHOR), Hook, David Adam2 (AUTHOR), Schoppman, William E.2 (AUTHOR), Yaga, Robert W.2 (AUTHOR), Brooks, Lance1 (AUTHOR), Ryan, Shawn1 (AUTHOR) |
| Source: | Building & Environment. Jan2023:Part 1, Vol. 227, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. |
| Subject Terms: | Microbial inactivation, Airborne infection, Technological innovations, Photoreduction, Microbiological aerosols |
| Abstract: | The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness in the spread of disease via airborne transmission. As a result, there has been increasing interest in technologies that claim to reduce concentrations of airborne pathogens in indoor environments. The efficacy of many of these emerging technologies is not fully understood, and the testing that has been done is often conducted at a small scale and not representative of applied settings. There is currently no standard test method for evaluating air treatment technologies, making it difficult to compare results across studies or technology types. Here, a consistent testing approach in an operational-scale test chamber with a mock recirculating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system was used to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices against the non-enveloped bacteriophage MS2 in the air and on surfaces. Statistically significant differences between replicate sets of technology tests and control tests (without technologies active) are apparent after 1 h, ranging to a maximum of 0.88 log 10 reduction for the bipolar ionization tests and 1.8 log 10 reduction for the photocatalytic device tests. It should be noted that ozone concentrations were elevated above background concentrations in the test chamber during the photocatalytic device testing. No significant differences were observed between control and technology tests in terms of the amount of MS2 deposited or inactivated on surfaces during testing. A standardized, large-scale testing approach, with replicate testing and time-matched control conditions, is necessary for contextualizing laboratory efficacy results, translating them to real-world conditions, and for facilitating technology comparisons. • Large-scale testing useful for evaluating technology efficacy against bioaerosols. • Time-matched control tests (no technology active) critical for assessing efficacy. • Replicate experiments at each condition essential for characterizing efficacy. • Devices can demonstrate marginal benefit that generally increases with time. • Elevated ozone concentrations observed in photocatalytic device experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] |
| Copyright of Building & Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) | |
| Database: | GreenFILE |
| FullText | Text: Availability: 0 |
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| Header | DbId: 8gh DbLabel: GreenFILE An: 160367200 AccessLevel: 6 PubType: Academic Journal PubTypeId: academicJournal PreciseRelevancyScore: 0 |
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| Items | – Name: Title Label: Title Group: Ti Data: Large-scale evaluation of microorganism inactivation by bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices. – Name: Author Label: Authors Group: Au Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ratliff%2C+Katherine+M%2E%22">Ratliff, Katherine M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> Ratliff.Katherine@epa.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Oudejans%2C+Lukas%22">Oudejans, Lukas</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Archer%2C+John%22">Archer, John</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Calfee%2C+Worth%22">Calfee, Worth</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Gilberry%2C+Jerome+U%2E%22">Gilberry, Jerome U.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hook%2C+David+Adam%22">Hook, David Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Schoppman%2C+William+E%2E%22">Schoppman, William E.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yaga%2C+Robert+W%2E%22">Yaga, Robert W.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brooks%2C+Lance%22">Brooks, Lance</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ryan%2C+Shawn%22">Ryan, Shawn</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR) – Name: TitleSource Label: Source Group: Src Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Building+%26+Environment%22">Building & Environment</searchLink>. Jan2023:Part 1, Vol. 227, pN.PAG-N.PAG. 1p. – Name: Subject Label: Subject Terms Group: Su Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbial+inactivation%22">Microbial inactivation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Airborne+infection%22">Airborne infection</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Technological+innovations%22">Technological innovations</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Photoreduction%22">Photoreduction</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Microbiological+aerosols%22">Microbiological aerosols</searchLink> – Name: Abstract Label: Abstract Group: Ab Data: The COVID-19 pandemic has raised awareness in the spread of disease via airborne transmission. As a result, there has been increasing interest in technologies that claim to reduce concentrations of airborne pathogens in indoor environments. The efficacy of many of these emerging technologies is not fully understood, and the testing that has been done is often conducted at a small scale and not representative of applied settings. There is currently no standard test method for evaluating air treatment technologies, making it difficult to compare results across studies or technology types. Here, a consistent testing approach in an operational-scale test chamber with a mock recirculating heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system was used to evaluate the efficacy of bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices against the non-enveloped bacteriophage MS2 in the air and on surfaces. Statistically significant differences between replicate sets of technology tests and control tests (without technologies active) are apparent after 1 h, ranging to a maximum of 0.88 log 10 reduction for the bipolar ionization tests and 1.8 log 10 reduction for the photocatalytic device tests. It should be noted that ozone concentrations were elevated above background concentrations in the test chamber during the photocatalytic device testing. No significant differences were observed between control and technology tests in terms of the amount of MS2 deposited or inactivated on surfaces during testing. A standardized, large-scale testing approach, with replicate testing and time-matched control conditions, is necessary for contextualizing laboratory efficacy results, translating them to real-world conditions, and for facilitating technology comparisons. • Large-scale testing useful for evaluating technology efficacy against bioaerosols. • Time-matched control tests (no technology active) critical for assessing efficacy. • Replicate experiments at each condition essential for characterizing efficacy. • Devices can demonstrate marginal benefit that generally increases with time. • Elevated ozone concentrations observed in photocatalytic device experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] – Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright Label: Group: Ab Data: <i>Copyright of Building & Environment is the property of Pergamon Press - An Imprint of Elsevier Science and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) |
| PLink | https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=160367200 |
| RecordInfo | BibRecord: BibEntity: Identifiers: – Type: doi Value: 10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.109804 Languages: – Code: eng Text: English PhysicalDescription: Pagination: PageCount: 1 StartPage: N.PAG Subjects: – SubjectFull: Microbial inactivation Type: general – SubjectFull: Airborne infection Type: general – SubjectFull: Technological innovations Type: general – SubjectFull: Photoreduction Type: general – SubjectFull: Microbiological aerosols Type: general Titles: – TitleFull: Large-scale evaluation of microorganism inactivation by bipolar ionization and photocatalytic devices. Type: main BibRelationships: HasContributorRelationships: – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ratliff, Katherine M. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Oudejans, Lukas – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Archer, John – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Calfee, Worth – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Gilberry, Jerome U. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Hook, David Adam – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Schoppman, William E. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Yaga, Robert W. – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Brooks, Lance – PersonEntity: Name: NameFull: Ryan, Shawn IsPartOfRelationships: – BibEntity: Dates: – D: 01 M: 01 Text: Jan2023:Part 1 Type: published Y: 2023 Identifiers: – Type: issn-print Value: 03601323 Numbering: – Type: volume Value: 227 Titles: – TitleFull: Building & Environment Type: main |
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