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Causes and Characteristics of Electrical Resistivity Variability in Shallow (<4 m) Soils in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica.

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Title: Causes and Characteristics of Electrical Resistivity Variability in Shallow (<4 m) Soils in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica.
Authors: Gutterman, W. S.1 (AUTHOR) wgutte2@lsu.edu, Doran, P. T.1 (AUTHOR) pdoran@lsu.edu, Virginia, R. A.2 (AUTHOR), Barrett, J. E.3 (AUTHOR), Myers, K. F.1 (AUTHOR), Tulaczyk, S. M.4 (AUTHOR), Foley, N. T.5 (AUTHOR), Mikucki, J. A.6 (AUTHOR), Dugan, H. A.7 (AUTHOR), Grombacher, D. J.8 (AUTHOR), Bording, T. S.8 (AUTHOR), Auken, E.8 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface. Feb2023, Vol. 128 Issue 2, p1-17. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Global warming, *Soil sampling, *Soil moisture, *Soils, *Soil biology, *Hydrogeology, Electrical resistivity
Geographic Terms: Antarctica
Abstract: Airborne electromagnetic surveys collected in December 2011 and November 2018 and three soil sampling transects were used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of shallow (<4 m) soil properties in lower Taylor Valley (TV), East Antarctica. Soil resistivities from 2011 to 2018 ranged from ∼33 Ωm to ∼3,500 Ωm with 200 Ωm assigned as an upper boundary for brine‐saturated sediments. Elevations below ∼50 m above sea level (masl) typically exhibit the lowest resistivities with resistivity increasing at high elevations on steeper slopes. Soil water content was empirically estimated from electrical resistivities using Archie's Law and range from ∼<1% to ∼68% by volume. An increase in silt‐ and clay‐sized particles at low elevations increases soil porosity but decreases hydraulic conductivity, promoting greater residence times of soil water at low elevations near Lake Fryxell. Soil resistivity variability between 2011 and 2018 shows soils at different stages of soil freeze‐thaw cycles, which are caused predominantly by solar warming of soils as opposed to air temperature. This study furthers the understanding of the hydrogeologic structure of the shallow subsurface in TV and identifies locations of soils that are potentially prone to greater rates of thaw and resulting ecosystem homogenization of soil properties from projected increases in hydrological connectivity across the region over the coming decades. Plain Language Summary: Liquid water is vital to all life on Earth; however, it is only available to life on land in Taylor Valley (TV), East Antarctica, during the brief Antarctic summer due to extremely cold and dry climate conditions. Water is released November‐February each year, providing nutrients to microbial and algal communities in the region. We used specialized instruments to locate liquid water in the subsurface and map soil water distributions to describe soil properties within TV in December 2011 and November 2018. Soil samples were collected to analyze how soil properties varied at different elevations and to determine how this variance affected soil water levels at different locations. Weather data were examined to study how climate variables affect soil water levels, and satellite imagery was used to examine snow conditions on the surface. We find that 2011 soils were typically wetter than 2018 soils, likely due to warmer climate conditions in 2011. Additionally, we found that low elevation soils were typically composed of finer‐grained sediments, which keep soil water in place for longer time periods. This research identifies areas more prone to thawing within the TV, which is important for understanding how soil organisms will be affected in a warming world. Key Points: McMurdo Dry Valleys soil properties are characterized using resistivity data from two airborne electromagnetic surveys from 2011 to 2018Soil water content in the shallow subsurface largely controls resistivity variabilityHigher percentages of silt‐ and clay‐sized particles at low elevations promote greater residence times of soil water [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Causes and Characteristics of Electrical Resistivity Variability in Shallow (&lt;4&#160;m) Soils in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica.
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  Data: Airborne electromagnetic surveys collected in December 2011 and November 2018 and three soil sampling transects were used to analyze the spatial heterogeneity of shallow (&lt;4 m) soil properties in lower Taylor Valley (TV), East Antarctica. Soil resistivities from 2011 to 2018 ranged from ∼33 Ωm to ∼3,500 Ωm with 200 Ωm assigned as an upper boundary for brine‐saturated sediments. Elevations below ∼50 m above sea level (masl) typically exhibit the lowest resistivities with resistivity increasing at high elevations on steeper slopes. Soil water content was empirically estimated from electrical resistivities using Archie&#39;s Law and range from ∼&lt;1% to ∼68% by volume. An increase in silt‐ and clay‐sized particles at low elevations increases soil porosity but decreases hydraulic conductivity, promoting greater residence times of soil water at low elevations near Lake Fryxell. Soil resistivity variability between 2011 and 2018 shows soils at different stages of soil freeze‐thaw cycles, which are caused predominantly by solar warming of soils as opposed to air temperature. This study furthers the understanding of the hydrogeologic structure of the shallow subsurface in TV and identifies locations of soils that are potentially prone to greater rates of thaw and resulting ecosystem homogenization of soil properties from projected increases in hydrological connectivity across the region over the coming decades. Plain Language Summary: Liquid water is vital to all life on Earth; however, it is only available to life on land in Taylor Valley (TV), East Antarctica, during the brief Antarctic summer due to extremely cold and dry climate conditions. Water is released November‐February each year, providing nutrients to microbial and algal communities in the region. We used specialized instruments to locate liquid water in the subsurface and map soil water distributions to describe soil properties within TV in December 2011 and November 2018. Soil samples were collected to analyze how soil properties varied at different elevations and to determine how this variance affected soil water levels at different locations. Weather data were examined to study how climate variables affect soil water levels, and satellite imagery was used to examine snow conditions on the surface. We find that 2011 soils were typically wetter than 2018 soils, likely due to warmer climate conditions in 2011. Additionally, we found that low elevation soils were typically composed of finer‐grained sediments, which keep soil water in place for longer time periods. This research identifies areas more prone to thawing within the TV, which is important for understanding how soil organisms will be affected in a warming world. Key Points: McMurdo Dry Valleys soil properties are characterized using resistivity data from two airborne electromagnetic surveys from 2011 to 2018Soil water content in the shallow subsurface largely controls resistivity variabilityHigher percentages of silt‐ and clay‐sized particles at low elevations promote greater residence times of soil water [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Earth Surface is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2022JF006696
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 17
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Global warming
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil sampling
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soil moisture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Soils
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      – SubjectFull: Soil biology
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      – SubjectFull: Electrical resistivity
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      – SubjectFull: Antarctica
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      – TitleFull: Causes and Characteristics of Electrical Resistivity Variability in Shallow (<4 m) Soils in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica.
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              Text: Feb2023
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