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Non‐Migrating Structures in the Northern Midlatitude Thermosphere During December Solstice Using ICON/MIGHTI and FPI Observations.

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Title: Non‐Migrating Structures in the Northern Midlatitude Thermosphere During December Solstice Using ICON/MIGHTI and FPI Observations.
Authors: Navarro, L. A.1,2 (AUTHOR) luis.navarro@colorado.edu, Makela, J. J.1 (AUTHOR), Forbes, J. M.3 (AUTHOR), Harding, B. J.4 (AUTHOR), Englert, C. R.5 (AUTHOR), Harlander, J. M.6 (AUTHOR), Marr, K. D.5 (AUTHOR), Kerr, R.7 (AUTHOR), Noto, J.7 (AUTHOR), Wu, Q.8 (AUTHOR), Benkhaldoun, Z.9 (AUTHOR), Kaab, M.9 (AUTHOR), Immel, T. J.4 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Sep2023, Vol. 128 Issue 9, p1-22. 22p.
Subject Terms: Thermosphere, Michelson interferometer, Fabry-Perot interferometers, Magnetic fields, Latitude, Historical analysis
Geographic Terms: Urbana (Ill.)
Abstract: Midlatitude thermospheric wind observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging on board the Ionospheric Connections Explorer (ICON/MIGHTI) and from the ground‐based Boulder, Urbana, Millstone Hill and Morocco Fabry‐Perot interferometers (FPIs) are used to study a distinct solar local time (SLT) evolution in the nighttime wind field around the December solstice period. Our results show, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, strong non‐migrating tides in midlatitude thermospheric winds using coincident from different observing platforms. These observations exhibited a structure of strong (∼50–150 m/s) eastward and southward winds in the pre‐midnight sector (20:00–23:00 SLT) and in the post‐midnight sector (02:00–03:00 SLT), with a strong suppression around midnight. Tidal analysis of ICON/MIGHTI data revealed that the signature before midnight was driven by diurnal (D0, DE1, DE2, DW2) and semidiurnal (SE2, SE3, SW1, SW4) tides, and that strong terdiurnal (TE2, TW1, TW2, TW5) and quatradiurnal (QW2, QW3, QW6) tides were important contributors in the mid‐ and post‐midnight sectors. ICON/MIGHTI tidal reconstructions successfully reproduced the salient structures observed by the FPI and showed a longitudinal dual‐peak variation with peak magnitudes around 200°–120°W and 30°W–60°E. The signature of the structure extended along the south‐to‐north direction from lower latitudes, migrated to earlier local times with increasing latitude, and strengthened above 30°N. Tidal analysis using historical FPI data revealed that these structures were often seen during previous December solstices, and that they are much stronger for lower solar flux conditions, consistent with an upward‐propagating tidal origin. Key Points: Persistent nighttime structures in thermospheric winds during the 2019 December solstice are interpreted to have tidal originStrong non‐migrating tides are observed in coincident and historical midlatitude thermospheric winds from different observing platformsLatitude‐longitude dependence of wind structure tends to follow magnetic field topology, and tidal signatures migrate from lower latitudes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Non‐Migrating Structures in the Northern Midlatitude Thermosphere During December Solstice Using ICON/MIGHTI and FPI Observations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Navarro%2C+L%2E+A%2E%22">Navarro, L. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> luis.navarro@colorado.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Makela%2C+J%2E+J%2E%22">Makela, J. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Forbes%2C+J%2E+M%2E%22">Forbes, J. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harding%2C+B%2E+J%2E%22">Harding, B. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Englert%2C+C%2E+R%2E%22">Englert, C. R.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harlander%2C+J%2E+M%2E%22">Harlander, J. M.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marr%2C+K%2E+D%2E%22">Marr, K. D.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kerr%2C+R%2E%22">Kerr, R.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Noto%2C+J%2E%22">Noto, J.</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wu%2C+Q%2E%22">Wu, Q.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Benkhaldoun%2C+Z%2E%22">Benkhaldoun, Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaab%2C+M%2E%22">Kaab, M.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Immel%2C+T%2E+J%2E%22">Immel, T. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Sep2023, Vol. 128 Issue 9, p1-22. 22p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermosphere%22">Thermosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Michelson+interferometer%22">Michelson interferometer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Fabry-Perot+interferometers%22">Fabry-Perot interferometers</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+fields%22">Magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Latitude%22">Latitude</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Historical+analysis%22">Historical analysis</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Urbana+%28Ill%2E%29%22">Urbana (Ill.)</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Midlatitude thermospheric wind observations from the Michelson Interferometer for Global High‐resolution Thermospheric Imaging on board the Ionospheric Connections Explorer (ICON/MIGHTI) and from the ground‐based Boulder, Urbana, Millstone Hill and Morocco Fabry‐Perot interferometers (FPIs) are used to study a distinct solar local time (SLT) evolution in the nighttime wind field around the December solstice period. Our results show, to the best of our knowledge for the first time, strong non‐migrating tides in midlatitude thermospheric winds using coincident from different observing platforms. These observations exhibited a structure of strong (∼50–150 m/s) eastward and southward winds in the pre‐midnight sector (20:00–23:00 SLT) and in the post‐midnight sector (02:00–03:00 SLT), with a strong suppression around midnight. Tidal analysis of ICON/MIGHTI data revealed that the signature before midnight was driven by diurnal (D0, DE1, DE2, DW2) and semidiurnal (SE2, SE3, SW1, SW4) tides, and that strong terdiurnal (TE2, TW1, TW2, TW5) and quatradiurnal (QW2, QW3, QW6) tides were important contributors in the mid‐ and post‐midnight sectors. ICON/MIGHTI tidal reconstructions successfully reproduced the salient structures observed by the FPI and showed a longitudinal dual‐peak variation with peak magnitudes around 200°–120°W and 30°W–60°E. The signature of the structure extended along the south‐to‐north direction from lower latitudes, migrated to earlier local times with increasing latitude, and strengthened above 30°N. Tidal analysis using historical FPI data revealed that these structures were often seen during previous December solstices, and that they are much stronger for lower solar flux conditions, consistent with an upward‐propagating tidal origin. Key Points: Persistent nighttime structures in thermospheric winds during the 2019 December solstice are interpreted to have tidal originStrong non‐migrating tides are observed in coincident and historical midlatitude thermospheric winds from different observing platformsLatitude‐longitude dependence of wind structure tends to follow magnetic field topology, and tidal signatures migrate from lower latitudes [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2023JA031468
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 22
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      – SubjectFull: Thermosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Michelson interferometer
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Fabry-Perot interferometers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Latitude
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Historical analysis
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      – SubjectFull: Urbana (Ill.)
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      – TitleFull: Non‐Migrating Structures in the Northern Midlatitude Thermosphere During December Solstice Using ICON/MIGHTI and FPI Observations.
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              Text: Sep2023
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