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Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature.

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Title: Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature.
Authors: Cerini, Francesco1,2 (AUTHOR) francesco.cerini@unitus.it, O'Brien, Duncan2 (AUTHOR), Wolfe, Ellie2 (AUTHOR), Besson, Marc3 (AUTHOR), Clements, Christopher F.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Ecology & Evolution (20457758). Sep2023, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p1-10. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Predatory animals, Predation, Biological systems, Phenotypes, Cell morphology, Cell size
Abstract: Temperature change affects biological systems in multifaceted ways, including the alteration of species interaction strengths, with implications for the stability of populations and communities. Temperature‐dependent changes to antipredatory responses are an emerging mechanism of destabilization and thus there is a need to understand how prey species respond to predation pressures in the face of changing temperatures. Here, using ciliate protozoans, we assess whether temperature can alter the strength of phenotypic antipredator responses in a prey species and whether this relationship depends on the predator's hunting behavior. We exposed populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to either (i) a sit‐and‐wait generalist predator (Homalozoon vermiculare) or (ii) a specialized active swimmer predator (Didinium nasutum) across two different temperature regimes (15 and 25°C) to quantify the temperature dependence of antipredator responses over a 24‐h period. We utilized a novel high‐throughput automated robotic monitoring system to track changes in the behavior (swimming speed) and morphology (cell size) of P. caudatum at frequencies and resolutions previously unachievable by manual sampling. The change in swimming speed through the 24 h differed between the two temperatures but was not altered by the presence of the predators. In contrast, P. caudatum showed a substantial temperature‐dependent morphological response to the presence of D. nasutum (but not H. vermiculare), changing cell shape toward a more elongated morph at 15°C (but not at 25°C). Our findings suggest that temperature can have strong effects on prey morphological responses to predator presence, but that this response is potentially dependent on the predator's feeding strategy. This suggests that greater consideration of synergistic antipredator behavioral and physiological responses is required in species and communities subject to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cerini%2C+Francesco%22">Cerini, Francesco</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> francesco.cerini@unitus.it</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22O'Brien%2C+Duncan%22">O'Brien, Duncan</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wolfe%2C+Ellie%22">Wolfe, Ellie</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Besson%2C+Marc%22">Besson, Marc</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Clements%2C+Christopher+F%2E%22">Clements, Christopher F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Ecology+%26+Evolution+%2820457758%29%22">Ecology & Evolution (20457758)</searchLink>. Sep2023, Vol. 13 Issue 9, p1-10. 10p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predatory+animals%22">Predatory animals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Predation%22">Predation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biological+systems%22">Biological systems</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phenotypes%22">Phenotypes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+morphology%22">Cell morphology</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Cell+size%22">Cell size</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Temperature change affects biological systems in multifaceted ways, including the alteration of species interaction strengths, with implications for the stability of populations and communities. Temperature‐dependent changes to antipredatory responses are an emerging mechanism of destabilization and thus there is a need to understand how prey species respond to predation pressures in the face of changing temperatures. Here, using ciliate protozoans, we assess whether temperature can alter the strength of phenotypic antipredator responses in a prey species and whether this relationship depends on the predator's hunting behavior. We exposed populations of the ciliate Paramecium caudatum to either (i) a sit‐and‐wait generalist predator (Homalozoon vermiculare) or (ii) a specialized active swimmer predator (Didinium nasutum) across two different temperature regimes (15 and 25°C) to quantify the temperature dependence of antipredator responses over a 24‐h period. We utilized a novel high‐throughput automated robotic monitoring system to track changes in the behavior (swimming speed) and morphology (cell size) of P. caudatum at frequencies and resolutions previously unachievable by manual sampling. The change in swimming speed through the 24 h differed between the two temperatures but was not altered by the presence of the predators. In contrast, P. caudatum showed a substantial temperature‐dependent morphological response to the presence of D. nasutum (but not H. vermiculare), changing cell shape toward a more elongated morph at 15°C (but not at 25°C). Our findings suggest that temperature can have strong effects on prey morphological responses to predator presence, but that this response is potentially dependent on the predator's feeding strategy. This suggests that greater consideration of synergistic antipredator behavioral and physiological responses is required in species and communities subject to environmental changes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Ecology & Evolution (20457758) is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1002/ece3.10474
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      – TitleFull: Phenotypic response to different predator strategies can be mediated by temperature.
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              Text: Sep2023
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