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Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European‐wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters.

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Title: Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European‐wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters.
Authors: Wilson, Iain1 (AUTHOR) iain.wilson@wca-consulting.com, Peters, Adam1 (AUTHOR), Merrington, Graham1 (AUTHOR), Baken, Stijn2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Integrated Environmental Assessment & Management. Nov2023, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1570-1580. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Ecological risk assessment, *Environmental toxicology, *Environmental quality, *Environmental risk assessment, *Environmental standards, *Environmental chemistry, Risk assessment
Geographic Terms: Spain
Company/Entity: European Commission
Abstract: The ecological risks of copper (Cu) in freshwaters have been the focus of regulatory assessments for several decades. Recently, it has been suggested by the European Commission that Cu represents a continent‐wide risk to freshwaters. We assessed to what extent this suggestion is supported by the available evidence if Cu bioavailability is considered in the assessment of risk. We used several evidence‐driven metrics to assess the continental‐wide risks of Cu to European freshwaters. Such an approach is recommended and readily applicable where comprehensive data sets are available. We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability‐based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 µg L−1 for Cu and used this to characterize the risks of Cu in 286 185 regulatory monitoring samples from 17 307 sites across 19 European countries between 2006 and 2021. These data show that risks, based on site averages and accounting for bioavailability, were identified in only two countries (Spain and Portugal). Investigation of these risks showed them to be highly localized to a single region in Spain and not reflective of the country‐wide risks for either country. The 95th percentile of all the risk quotients for the continent‐wide data set is 0.35. The relatively low levels of risk associated with Cu are supported by long‐term trend data from sites on two large European rivers (Rhine and Meuse), where highly significant (p < 0.001) decreases in Cu concentrations over the last 40 years can be observed. We conclude that it is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1570–1580. © 2023 WCA Environment Ltd. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology & Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability‐based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 µg L−1 for copper (Cu).Following the applicable European Commission guidance and by using a set of metrics that are consistent with the approach adopted by the European Commission (JRC 2016; JRC 2021), we have demonstrated that Cu is unlikely to pose a continent‐wide risk.It is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Integrated Environmental Assessment & Management is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European‐wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters.
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Wilson%2C+Iain%22&quot;&gt;Wilson, Iain&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;i&gt; iain.wilson@wca-consulting.com&lt;/i&gt;&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Peters%2C+Adam%22&quot;&gt;Peters, Adam&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Merrington%2C+Graham%22&quot;&gt;Merrington, Graham&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;1&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)&lt;br /&gt;&lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;AR&quot; term=&quot;%22Baken%2C+Stijn%22&quot;&gt;Baken, Stijn&lt;/searchLink&gt;&lt;relatesTo&gt;2&lt;/relatesTo&gt; (AUTHOR)
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  Data: &lt;searchLink fieldCode=&quot;JN&quot; term=&quot;%22Integrated+Environmental+Assessment+%26+Management%22&quot;&gt;Integrated Environmental Assessment &amp; Management&lt;/searchLink&gt;. Nov2023, Vol. 19 Issue 6, p1570-1580. 11p.
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– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The ecological risks of copper (Cu) in freshwaters have been the focus of regulatory assessments for several decades. Recently, it has been suggested by the European Commission that Cu represents a continent‐wide risk to freshwaters. We assessed to what extent this suggestion is supported by the available evidence if Cu bioavailability is considered in the assessment of risk. We used several evidence‐driven metrics to assess the continental‐wide risks of Cu to European freshwaters. Such an approach is recommended and readily applicable where comprehensive data sets are available. We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability‐based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 &#181;g L−1 for Cu and used this to characterize the risks of Cu in 286 185 regulatory monitoring samples from 17 307 sites across 19 European countries between 2006 and 2021. These data show that risks, based on site averages and accounting for bioavailability, were identified in only two countries (Spain and Portugal). Investigation of these risks showed them to be highly localized to a single region in Spain and not reflective of the country‐wide risks for either country. The 95th percentile of all the risk quotients for the continent‐wide data set is 0.35. The relatively low levels of risk associated with Cu are supported by long‐term trend data from sites on two large European rivers (Rhine and Meuse), where highly significant (p &lt; 0.001) decreases in Cu concentrations over the last 40 years can be observed. We conclude that it is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. Integr Environ Assess Manag 2023;19:1570–1580. &#169; 2023 WCA Environment Ltd. Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of Society of Environmental Toxicology &amp; Chemistry (SETAC). Key Points: We confirmed the validity of a bioavailability‐based Environmental Quality Standard of 1 &#181;g L−1 for copper (Cu).Following the applicable European Commission guidance and by using a set of metrics that are consistent with the approach adopted by the European Commission (JRC 2016; JRC 2021), we have demonstrated that Cu is unlikely to pose a continent‐wide risk.It is critical to consider metal bioavailability in both effects and exposures in assessments of potential risk to ensure ecological relevance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: &lt;i&gt;Copyright of Integrated Environmental Assessment &amp; Management is the property of Oxford University Press / USA and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder&#39;s express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.&lt;/i&gt; (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1002/ieam.4768
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 1570
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Ecological risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental toxicology
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental quality
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental standards
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      – SubjectFull: Environmental chemistry
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      – SubjectFull: Risk assessment
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Spain
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: European Commission
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Following the evidence and using the appropriate regulatory tools: A European‐wide risk assessment of copper in freshwaters.
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            NameFull: Wilson, Iain
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            NameFull: Peters, Adam
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            NameFull: Merrington, Graham
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            NameFull: Baken, Stijn
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            – D: 01
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              Text: Nov2023
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              Y: 2023
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              Value: 6
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            – TitleFull: Integrated Environmental Assessment & Management
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