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MANGO: An Optical Network to Study the Dynamics of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere.

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Title: MANGO: An Optical Network to Study the Dynamics of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere.
Authors: Bhatt, A. N.1 (AUTHOR) asti.bhatt@sri.com, Harding, B. J.2 (AUTHOR), Makela, J. J.3 (AUTHOR), Navarro, L.4 (AUTHOR), Lamarche, L. J.1 (AUTHOR), Valentic, T.1 (AUTHOR), Kendall, E. A.1 (AUTHOR), Venkatraman, P.2 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Oct2023, Vol. 128 Issue 10, p1-15. 15p.
Subject Terms: *Upper atmosphere, Atmospheric boundary layer, Optical instruments, Mango, Thermosphere, Geophysical observations
Abstract: The Mid‐latitude All‐sky‐imaging Network for Geophysical Observations (MANGO) employs a combination of two powerful optical techniques used to observe the dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere: wide‐field imaging and high‐resolution spectral interferometry. Both techniques observe the naturally occurring airglow emissions produced in the upper atmosphere at 630.0‐ and 557.7‐nm wavelengths. Instruments are deployed to sites across the continental United States, providing the capability to make measurements spanning mid to sub‐auroral latitudes. The current instrument suite in MANGO has six all‐sky imagers (ASIs) observing the 630.0‐nm emission (integrated between ∼200 and 400 km altitude), six ASIs observing the 557.7‐nm emission (integrated between ∼90 and 100 km altitude), and four Fabry‐Perot interferometers measuring neutral winds and temperature at these wavelengths. The deployment of additional imagers is planned. The network makes unprecedented observations of the nighttime thermosphere‐ionosphere dynamics with the expanded field‐of‐view provided by the distributed network of instruments. This paper describes the network, the instruments, the data products, and first results from this effort. Plain Language Summary: A network of cameras and optical sensing instruments is deployed across the continental United States and is used to study the processes in the earth's upper atmosphere. These processes range from response to explosive events on the sun, as well as, response to strong events in the troposphere like thunderstorms or hurricanes. This paper describes this network, how it works, how the data are being produced, and initial scientific results. Key Points: A network of red and green line cameras and Fabry‐Perot interferometers is being developed in mid‐latitude USAThe network observes dynamics in two altitude regions of the upper atmosphereThe data are used to understand the upper atmospheric response to energetic events generated in the lower atmosphere or the sun [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: MANGO: An Optical Network to Study the Dynamics of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bhatt%2C+A%2E+N%2E%22">Bhatt, A. N.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> asti.bhatt@sri.com</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Harding%2C+B%2E+J%2E%22">Harding, B. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Makela%2C+J%2E+J%2E%22">Makela, J. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Navarro%2C+L%2E%22">Navarro, L.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lamarche%2C+L%2E+J%2E%22">Lamarche, L. J.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valentic%2C+T%2E%22">Valentic, T.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kendall%2C+E%2E+A%2E%22">Kendall, E. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Venkatraman%2C+P%2E%22">Venkatraman, P.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Oct2023, Vol. 128 Issue 10, p1-15. 15p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Upper+atmosphere%22">Upper atmosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Atmospheric+boundary+layer%22">Atmospheric boundary layer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Optical+instruments%22">Optical instruments</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mango%22">Mango</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thermosphere%22">Thermosphere</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geophysical+observations%22">Geophysical observations</searchLink>
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  Data: The Mid‐latitude All‐sky‐imaging Network for Geophysical Observations (MANGO) employs a combination of two powerful optical techniques used to observe the dynamics of Earth's upper atmosphere: wide‐field imaging and high‐resolution spectral interferometry. Both techniques observe the naturally occurring airglow emissions produced in the upper atmosphere at 630.0‐ and 557.7‐nm wavelengths. Instruments are deployed to sites across the continental United States, providing the capability to make measurements spanning mid to sub‐auroral latitudes. The current instrument suite in MANGO has six all‐sky imagers (ASIs) observing the 630.0‐nm emission (integrated between ∼200 and 400 km altitude), six ASIs observing the 557.7‐nm emission (integrated between ∼90 and 100 km altitude), and four Fabry‐Perot interferometers measuring neutral winds and temperature at these wavelengths. The deployment of additional imagers is planned. The network makes unprecedented observations of the nighttime thermosphere‐ionosphere dynamics with the expanded field‐of‐view provided by the distributed network of instruments. This paper describes the network, the instruments, the data products, and first results from this effort. Plain Language Summary: A network of cameras and optical sensing instruments is deployed across the continental United States and is used to study the processes in the earth's upper atmosphere. These processes range from response to explosive events on the sun, as well as, response to strong events in the troposphere like thunderstorms or hurricanes. This paper describes this network, how it works, how the data are being produced, and initial scientific results. Key Points: A network of red and green line cameras and Fabry‐Perot interferometers is being developed in mid‐latitude USAThe network observes dynamics in two altitude regions of the upper atmosphereThe data are used to understand the upper atmospheric response to energetic events generated in the lower atmosphere or the sun [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1029/2023JA031589
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        Text: English
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        PageCount: 15
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      – SubjectFull: Upper atmosphere
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Atmospheric boundary layer
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      – SubjectFull: Optical instruments
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      – SubjectFull: Mango
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      – SubjectFull: Thermosphere
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      – SubjectFull: Geophysical observations
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      – TitleFull: MANGO: An Optical Network to Study the Dynamics of the Earth's Upper Atmosphere.
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              Text: Oct2023
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