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Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption.

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Title: Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption.
Authors: Wang, Xinyue1,2 (AUTHOR) xinyuew@colorado.edu, Randel, William2 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Yunqian3,4,5 (AUTHOR), Tilmes, Simone2 (AUTHOR), Starr, Jon2 (AUTHOR), Yu, Wandi6,7 (AUTHOR), Garcia, Rolando2 (AUTHOR), Toon, Owen B.1,4 (AUTHOR), Park, Mijeong2 (AUTHOR), Kinnison, Douglas2 (AUTHOR), Zhang, Jun2 (AUTHOR), Bourassa, Adam8 (AUTHOR), Rieger, Landon8 (AUTHOR), Warnock, Taran8 (AUTHOR), Li, Jianghanyang3,9 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 11/27/2023, Vol. 128 Issue 22, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Volcanic eruptions, *Ozone, *Submarine volcanoes, *Ozone layer, Stratospheric circulation, Polar vortex
Abstract: The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) and a moderate amount of the aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations have persisted during 2022 and early 2023 and dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Observations show large‐scale SH stratospheric cooling, equatorward shift of the Antarctic polar vortex and slowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Satellite observations show substantial ozone reductions over SH winter midlatitudes that coincide with the largest circulation anomalies. Chemistry‐climate model simulations forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 qualitatively reproduce the observed evolution of the H2O and aerosol plumes over the first year, and the model exhibits stratospheric cooling, circulation changes and ozone effects similar to observed behavior. The agreement demonstrates that the observed stratospheric changes are caused by the HTHH volcanic influences. Plain Language Summary: The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) submarine volcano (21°S, 175°W) eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) as well as moderate amounts of aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations persisted throughout 2022 and were accompanied by large changes in stratospheric climate and ozone chemistry. We use a chemistry‐climate model forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 to simulate these stratospheric changes. The model exhibits temperature, circulation, and ozone anomalies in response to these forcings that are similar to those observed. The agreement demonstrates that the observed anomalies impacts are caused by HTHH volcanic influences. Key Points: Large‐scale stratospheric cooling and circulation changes are observed following the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruptionObservations show ozone reduction in the Southern Hemisphere wintertime midlatitudes and large springtime Antarctic ozone losses in 2022A chemistry‐climate model can track the plumes and capture observed responses to the volcanic eruption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption.
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  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wang%2C+Xinyue%22">Wang, Xinyue</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> xinyuew@colorado.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Randel%2C+William%22">Randel, William</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Yunqian%22">Zhu, Yunqian</searchLink><relatesTo>3,4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tilmes%2C+Simone%22">Tilmes, Simone</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Starr%2C+Jon%22">Starr, Jon</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yu%2C+Wandi%22">Yu, Wandi</searchLink><relatesTo>6,7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Garcia%2C+Rolando%22">Garcia, Rolando</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Toon%2C+Owen+B%2E%22">Toon, Owen B.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Park%2C+Mijeong%22">Park, Mijeong</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kinnison%2C+Douglas%22">Kinnison, Douglas</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Jun%22">Zhang, Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bourassa%2C+Adam%22">Bourassa, Adam</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rieger%2C+Landon%22">Rieger, Landon</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Warnock%2C+Taran%22">Warnock, Taran</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Jianghanyang%22">Li, Jianghanyang</searchLink><relatesTo>3,9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 11/27/2023, Vol. 128 Issue 22, p1-14. 14p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Volcanic+eruptions%22">Volcanic eruptions</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ozone%22">Ozone</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Submarine+volcanoes%22">Submarine volcanoes</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ozone+layer%22">Ozone layer</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Stratospheric+circulation%22">Stratospheric circulation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Polar+vortex%22">Polar vortex</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) volcanic eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) and a moderate amount of the aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the Southern Hemisphere (SH) tropical stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations have persisted during 2022 and early 2023 and dispersed throughout the atmosphere. Observations show large‐scale SH stratospheric cooling, equatorward shift of the Antarctic polar vortex and slowing of the Brewer‐Dobson circulation. Satellite observations show substantial ozone reductions over SH winter midlatitudes that coincide with the largest circulation anomalies. Chemistry‐climate model simulations forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 qualitatively reproduce the observed evolution of the H2O and aerosol plumes over the first year, and the model exhibits stratospheric cooling, circulation changes and ozone effects similar to observed behavior. The agreement demonstrates that the observed stratospheric changes are caused by the HTHH volcanic influences. Plain Language Summary: The Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai (HTHH) submarine volcano (21°S, 175°W) eruption in January 2022 injected unprecedented amounts of water vapor (H2O) as well as moderate amounts of aerosol precursor sulfur dioxide (SO2) into the stratosphere. The H2O and aerosol perturbations persisted throughout 2022 and were accompanied by large changes in stratospheric climate and ozone chemistry. We use a chemistry‐climate model forced by realistic HTHH inputs of H2O and SO2 to simulate these stratospheric changes. The model exhibits temperature, circulation, and ozone anomalies in response to these forcings that are similar to those observed. The agreement demonstrates that the observed anomalies impacts are caused by HTHH volcanic influences. Key Points: Large‐scale stratospheric cooling and circulation changes are observed following the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai eruptionObservations show ozone reduction in the Southern Hemisphere wintertime midlatitudes and large springtime Antarctic ozone losses in 2022A chemistry‐climate model can track the plumes and capture observed responses to the volcanic eruption [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2023JD039480
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Volcanic eruptions
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ozone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Submarine volcanoes
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      – SubjectFull: Ozone layer
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      – SubjectFull: Stratospheric circulation
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      – SubjectFull: Polar vortex
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    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Stratospheric Climate Anomalies and Ozone Loss Caused by the Hunga Tonga‐Hunga Ha'apai Volcanic Eruption.
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              Text: 11/27/2023
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