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Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year of Age in the Multicenter U.S. TIDES Cohort.

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Title: Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year of Age in the Multicenter U.S. TIDES Cohort.
Authors: Barrett, Emily S.1,2 Emily.barrett@eohsi.rutgers.edu, Sharghi, Sima3, Thurston, Sally W.3, Terry, Marissa Sobolewski4, Loftus, Christine T.5, Karr, Catherine J.5,6,7, Nguyen, Ruby H. N.8, Swan, Shanna H.9, Sathyanarayana, Sheela5,6,7,10
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. Nov2023, Vol. 131 Issue 11, p117001-1-117001-11. 11p.
Subject Terms: *Air pollution, *Particulate matter, *Nitrogen, *Environmental exposure, Physical diagnosis, Research, Anus, Confidence intervals, Puberty, Regression analysis, Female reproductive organs, Research funding, Descriptive statistics, Male reproductive organs, Longitudinal method, Children
Geographic Terms: United States
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution may be a developmental endocrine disruptor. In animal models, gestational and perinatal exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated particulate matter alters anogenital distance (AGD), a marker of prenatal androgen activity, in both sexes. Little is known in humans. OBJECTIVES: We examined exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to human AGD at birth and at 1 year of age, focusing on exposures during critical windows of reproductive development: the male programming window (MPW; gestational weeks 8–14) and mini-puberty (postnatal months 1–3). METHODS: The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) recruited first trimester pregnant women (β = 687) at four U.S. sites (Minneapolis, Minnesota; Rochester, New York; San Francisco, California; and Seattle, Washington) from 2010 to 2012. We measured anus to clitoris (AGD-AC) and anus to fourchette (AGD-AF) in female infants at birth; in males, we measured anus to penis (AGD-AP), anus to scrotum (AGDAS), and penile width at birth and at 1 year of age. Using advanced spatiotemporal models, we estimated maternal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 in the MPW and mini-puberty. Covariate-adjusted, sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and AGD. RESULTS: In males, a 1-μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 exposure during the MPW was associated with shorter AGD at birth, but a longer AGD at 1 year of age (e.g., birth AGD-AP: β = -0.35 mm; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; AGD-AS: β = 0.37 mm; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.73). Mini-pubertal PM2.5 exposure was also associated with shorter male AGD-AP (β = -0.50 mm; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.11) at 1 year of age. Although not associated with male AGD measures, 1-ppb increases in NO2 exposure during the MPW (β = -0.07 mm; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.12) and mini-puberty (β = -0.04 mm; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.01) were both associated with smaller penile width at 1 year of age. Results were similar in multipollutant models, where we also observed that in females AGD-AC was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure, but positively associated with NO2 exposure. DISCUSSION: PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during critical pre- and postnatal windows may disrupt reproductive development. More work is needed to confirm these novel results and clarify mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year of Age in the Multicenter U.S. TIDES Cohort.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Barrett%2C+Emily+S%2E%22">Barrett, Emily S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo><i> Emily.barrett@eohsi.rutgers.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sharghi%2C+Sima%22">Sharghi, Sima</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Thurston%2C+Sally+W%2E%22">Thurston, Sally W.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Terry%2C+Marissa+Sobolewski%22">Terry, Marissa Sobolewski</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loftus%2C+Christine+T%2E%22">Loftus, Christine T.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karr%2C+Catherine+J%2E%22">Karr, Catherine J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6,7</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nguyen%2C+Ruby+H%2E+N%2E%22">Nguyen, Ruby H. N.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Swan%2C+Shanna+H%2E%22">Swan, Shanna H.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sathyanarayana%2C+Sheela%22">Sathyanarayana, Sheela</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6,7,10</relatesTo>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. Nov2023, Vol. 131 Issue 11, p117001-1-117001-11. 11p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Air+pollution%22">Air pollution</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particulate+matter%22">Particulate matter</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Nitrogen%22">Nitrogen</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Physical+diagnosis%22">Physical diagnosis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Anus%22">Anus</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Puberty%22">Puberty</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Regression+analysis%22">Regression analysis</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Female+reproductive+organs%22">Female reproductive organs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Descriptive+statistics%22">Descriptive statistics</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Male+reproductive+organs%22">Male reproductive organs</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children%22">Children</searchLink>
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  Label: Abstract
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  Data: BACKGROUND: Ambient air pollution may be a developmental endocrine disruptor. In animal models, gestational and perinatal exposure to diesel exhaust and concentrated particulate matter alters anogenital distance (AGD), a marker of prenatal androgen activity, in both sexes. Little is known in humans. OBJECTIVES: We examined exposure to fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) in relation to human AGD at birth and at 1 year of age, focusing on exposures during critical windows of reproductive development: the male programming window (MPW; gestational weeks 8–14) and mini-puberty (postnatal months 1–3). METHODS: The Infant Development and Environment Study (TIDES) recruited first trimester pregnant women (β = 687) at four U.S. sites (Minneapolis, Minnesota; Rochester, New York; San Francisco, California; and Seattle, Washington) from 2010 to 2012. We measured anus to clitoris (AGD-AC) and anus to fourchette (AGD-AF) in female infants at birth; in males, we measured anus to penis (AGD-AP), anus to scrotum (AGDAS), and penile width at birth and at 1 year of age. Using advanced spatiotemporal models, we estimated maternal exposure to PM2.5 and NO2 in the MPW and mini-puberty. Covariate-adjusted, sex-stratified linear regression models examined associations between PM2.5 and NO2 and AGD. RESULTS: In males, a 1-μg/m³ increase in PM2.5 exposure during the MPW was associated with shorter AGD at birth, but a longer AGD at 1 year of age (e.g., birth AGD-AP: β = -0.35 mm; 95% CI: -0.62, -0.07; AGD-AS: β = 0.37 mm; 95% CI: 0.02, 0.73). Mini-pubertal PM2.5 exposure was also associated with shorter male AGD-AP (β = -0.50 mm; 95% CI: -0.89, -0.11) at 1 year of age. Although not associated with male AGD measures, 1-ppb increases in NO2 exposure during the MPW (β = -0.07 mm; 95% CI: -0.02, -0.12) and mini-puberty (β = -0.04 mm; 95% CI: -0.08, 0.01) were both associated with smaller penile width at 1 year of age. Results were similar in multipollutant models, where we also observed that in females AGD-AC was inversely associated with PM2.5 exposure, but positively associated with NO2 exposure. DISCUSSION: PM2.5 and NO2 exposures during critical pre- and postnatal windows may disrupt reproductive development. More work is needed to confirm these novel results and clarify mechanisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Label:
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/EHP12627
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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      Pagination:
        PageCount: 11
        StartPage: 117001-1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Air pollution
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particulate matter
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Nitrogen
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Environmental exposure
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      – SubjectFull: Physical diagnosis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Anus
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Puberty
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Regression analysis
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Female reproductive organs
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
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      – SubjectFull: Descriptive statistics
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      – SubjectFull: Male reproductive organs
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      – SubjectFull: Children
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      – SubjectFull: United States
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      – TitleFull: Associations of Exposure to Air Pollution during the Male Programming Window and Mini-Puberty with Anogenital Distance and Penile Width at Birth and at 1 Year of Age in the Multicenter U.S. TIDES Cohort.
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