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Individual-level variations in malaria susceptibility and acquisition of clinical protection[.

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Title: Individual-level variations in malaria susceptibility and acquisition of clinical protection[.
Authors: Valletta, John Joseph1, Addy, John W. G.2, Reid, Adam J.3, Ndungu, Francis M.4, Bediako, Yaw2,5, Mwacharo, Jedida4, Mohammed, Khadija Said4, Musyoki, Jennifer4, Ngoi, Joyce Mwongeli4,5, Wambua, Joshua4, Otieno, Edward4, Berriman, Matt3, Bejon, Philip4, Marsh, Kevin5, Langhorne, Jean2, Newbold, Chris I.3,6, Recker, Mario7 m.recker@exeter.ac.uk
Source: Wellcome Open Research. 2022, Vol. 7, p1-28. 28p.
Subject Terms: *Epidemiology, *Public health, Malaria prevention, Disease susceptibility, Plasmodium falciparum
Abstract: After decades of research, our understanding of when and why individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop clinical malaria is still limited. Correlates of immune protection are often sought through prospective cohort studies, where measured host factors are correlated against the incidence of clinical disease over a set period of time. However, robustly inferring individual-level protection from these population-level findings has proved difficult due to small effect sizes and high levels of variance underlying such data. In order to better understand the nature of these interindividual variations, we analysed the long-term malaria epidemiology of children ≤12 years old growing up under seasonal exposure to the parasite in the sub-location of Junju, Kenya. Despite the cohort’s limited geographic expanse (ca. 3km x 10km), our data reveal a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in malaria prevalence and incidence rates, causing individuals to experience varying levels of exposure to the parasite at different times during their life. Analysing individual-level infection histories further reveal an unexpectedly high variability in the rate at which children experience clinical malaria episodes. Besides exposure to the parasite, measured as disease prevalence in the surrounding area, we find that the birth time of year has an independent effect on the individual’s risk of experiencing a clinical episode. Furthermore, our analyses reveal that those children with a history of an above average number of episodes are more likely to experience further episodes during the upcoming transmission season. These findings are indicative of phenotypic differences in the rates by which children acquire clinical protection to malaria and offer important insights into the natural variability underlying malaria epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Wellcome Open Research is the property of Wellcome Trust and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Individual-level variations in malaria susceptibility and acquisition of clinical protection[.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Valletta%2C+John+Joseph%22">Valletta, John Joseph</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Addy%2C+John+W%2E+G%2E%22">Addy, John W. G.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Reid%2C+Adam+J%2E%22">Reid, Adam J.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ndungu%2C+Francis+M%2E%22">Ndungu, Francis M.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bediako%2C+Yaw%22">Bediako, Yaw</searchLink><relatesTo>2,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mwacharo%2C+Jedida%22">Mwacharo, Jedida</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Mohammed%2C+Khadija+Said%22">Mohammed, Khadija Said</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Musyoki%2C+Jennifer%22">Musyoki, Jennifer</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ngoi%2C+Joyce+Mwongeli%22">Ngoi, Joyce Mwongeli</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Wambua%2C+Joshua%22">Wambua, Joshua</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Otieno%2C+Edward%22">Otieno, Edward</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Berriman%2C+Matt%22">Berriman, Matt</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bejon%2C+Philip%22">Bejon, Philip</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Marsh%2C+Kevin%22">Marsh, Kevin</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Langhorne%2C+Jean%22">Langhorne, Jean</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Newbold%2C+Chris+I%2E%22">Newbold, Chris I.</searchLink><relatesTo>3,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Recker%2C+Mario%22">Recker, Mario</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo><i> m.recker@exeter.ac.uk</i>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Wellcome+Open+Research%22">Wellcome Open Research</searchLink>. 2022, Vol. 7, p1-28. 28p.
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  Data: After decades of research, our understanding of when and why individuals infected with Plasmodium falciparum develop clinical malaria is still limited. Correlates of immune protection are often sought through prospective cohort studies, where measured host factors are correlated against the incidence of clinical disease over a set period of time. However, robustly inferring individual-level protection from these population-level findings has proved difficult due to small effect sizes and high levels of variance underlying such data. In order to better understand the nature of these interindividual variations, we analysed the long-term malaria epidemiology of children ≤12 years old growing up under seasonal exposure to the parasite in the sub-location of Junju, Kenya. Despite the cohort’s limited geographic expanse (ca. 3km x 10km), our data reveal a high degree of spatial and temporal variability in malaria prevalence and incidence rates, causing individuals to experience varying levels of exposure to the parasite at different times during their life. Analysing individual-level infection histories further reveal an unexpectedly high variability in the rate at which children experience clinical malaria episodes. Besides exposure to the parasite, measured as disease prevalence in the surrounding area, we find that the birth time of year has an independent effect on the individual’s risk of experiencing a clinical episode. Furthermore, our analyses reveal that those children with a history of an above average number of episodes are more likely to experience further episodes during the upcoming transmission season. These findings are indicative of phenotypic differences in the rates by which children acquire clinical protection to malaria and offer important insights into the natural variability underlying malaria epidemiology. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Wellcome Open Research is the property of Wellcome Trust and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.12688/wellcomeopenres.16524.1
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Plasmodium falciparum
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