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Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood.

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Title: Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood.
Authors: Hazlehurst, Marnie F.1 (AUTHOR) marnieh@uw.edu, Hajat, Anjum2 (AUTHOR), Tandon, Pooja S.3 (AUTHOR), Szpiro, Adam A.4 (AUTHOR), Kaufman, Joel D.5 (AUTHOR), Tylavsky, Frances A.6 (AUTHOR), Hare, Marion E.6 (AUTHOR), Sathyanarayana, Sheela7 (AUTHOR), Loftus, Christine T.8 (AUTHOR), LeWinn, Kaja Z.9 (AUTHOR), Bush, Nicole R.10 (AUTHOR), Karr, Catherine J.11 (AUTHOR)
Source: Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source. 2/8/2024, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
Subject Terms: Internalizing behavior, Externalizing behavior, Normalized difference vegetation index, Child Behavior Checklist, Space, Public spaces
Geographic Terms: Tennessee
Abstract: Background: Green space exposures may promote child mental health and well-being across multiple domains and stages of development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between residential green space exposures and child mental and behavioral health at age 4–6 years. Methods: Children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) cohort in Shelby County, Tennessee, were parent-reported on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined three exposures—residential surrounding greenness calculated as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover, and park proximity—averaged across the residential history for the year prior to outcome assessment. Linear regression models were adjusted for individual, household, and neighborhood-level confounders across multiple domains. Effect modification by neighborhood socioeconomic conditions was explored using multiplicative interaction terms. Results: Children were on average 4.2 years (range 3.8-6.0) at outcome assessment. Among CANDLE mothers, 65% self-identified as Black, 29% as White, and 6% as another or multiple races; 41% had at least a college degree. Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower internalizing behavior scores (-0.66 per 0.1 unit higher NDVI; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.07) in fully-adjusted models. The association between tree cover and internalizing behavior was in the hypothesized direction but confidence intervals included the null (-0.29 per 10% higher tree cover; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.04). No associations were observed between park proximity and internalizing behavior. We did not find any associations with externalizing behaviors or the attention problems subscale. Estimates were larger in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic opportunity, but interaction terms were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of the importance of residential green space for the prevention of internalizing problems among young children. This research suggests the prioritization of urban green spaces as a resource for child mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Associations of residential green space with internalizing and externalizing behavior in early childhood.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hazlehurst%2C+Marnie+F%2E%22">Hazlehurst, Marnie F.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> marnieh@uw.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hajat%2C+Anjum%22">Hajat, Anjum</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tandon%2C+Pooja+S%2E%22">Tandon, Pooja S.</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Szpiro%2C+Adam+A%2E%22">Szpiro, Adam A.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kaufman%2C+Joel+D%2E%22">Kaufman, Joel D.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tylavsky%2C+Frances+A%2E%22">Tylavsky, Frances A.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hare%2C+Marion+E%2E%22">Hare, Marion E.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sathyanarayana%2C+Sheela%22">Sathyanarayana, Sheela</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Loftus%2C+Christine+T%2E%22">Loftus, Christine T.</searchLink><relatesTo>8</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22LeWinn%2C+Kaja+Z%2E%22">LeWinn, Kaja Z.</searchLink><relatesTo>9</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Bush%2C+Nicole+R%2E%22">Bush, Nicole R.</searchLink><relatesTo>10</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karr%2C+Catherine+J%2E%22">Karr, Catherine J.</searchLink><relatesTo>11</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health%3A+A+Global+Access+Science+Source%22">Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source</searchLink>. 2/8/2024, Vol. 23 Issue 1, p1-12. 12p.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Internalizing+behavior%22">Internalizing behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Externalizing+behavior%22">Externalizing behavior</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Normalized+difference+vegetation+index%22">Normalized difference vegetation index</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Child+Behavior+Checklist%22">Child Behavior Checklist</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Space%22">Space</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Public+spaces%22">Public spaces</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Tennessee%22">Tennessee</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Background: Green space exposures may promote child mental health and well-being across multiple domains and stages of development. The aim of this study was to investigate associations between residential green space exposures and child mental and behavioral health at age 4–6 years. Methods: Children's internalizing and externalizing behaviors in the Conditions Affecting Neurocognitive Development and Learning in Early Childhood (CANDLE) cohort in Shelby County, Tennessee, were parent-reported on the Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL). We examined three exposures—residential surrounding greenness calculated as the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), tree cover, and park proximity—averaged across the residential history for the year prior to outcome assessment. Linear regression models were adjusted for individual, household, and neighborhood-level confounders across multiple domains. Effect modification by neighborhood socioeconomic conditions was explored using multiplicative interaction terms. Results: Children were on average 4.2 years (range 3.8-6.0) at outcome assessment. Among CANDLE mothers, 65% self-identified as Black, 29% as White, and 6% as another or multiple races; 41% had at least a college degree. Higher residential surrounding greenness was associated with lower internalizing behavior scores (-0.66 per 0.1 unit higher NDVI; 95% CI: -1.26, -0.07) in fully-adjusted models. The association between tree cover and internalizing behavior was in the hypothesized direction but confidence intervals included the null (-0.29 per 10% higher tree cover; 95% CI: -0.62, 0.04). No associations were observed between park proximity and internalizing behavior. We did not find any associations with externalizing behaviors or the attention problems subscale. Estimates were larger in neighborhoods with lower socioeconomic opportunity, but interaction terms were not statistically significant. Conclusions: Our findings add to the accumulating evidence of the importance of residential green space for the prevention of internalizing problems among young children. This research suggests the prioritization of urban green spaces as a resource for child mental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health: A Global Access Science Source is the property of BioMed Central and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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        Value: 10.1186/s12940-024-01051-9
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        Text: English
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      – SubjectFull: Internalizing behavior
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      – SubjectFull: Normalized difference vegetation index
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