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Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations.

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Title: Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations.
Authors: Li, Xing‐Yu1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Zhi‐Yang1 (AUTHOR), Zong, Qiu‐Gang1,2 (AUTHOR) qgzong@pku.edu.cn, Zhou, Xu‐Zhi1 (AUTHOR), Liu, Jian‐Jun3 (AUTHOR), Hu, Ze‐Jun3 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Xing‐Xin1,3 (AUTHOR), Hao, Yi‐Xin4 (AUTHOR), Liu, Ying1 (AUTHOR), Yang, Fan1 (AUTHOR), Pollock, Craig J.5 (AUTHOR), Russell, Christopher T.6 (AUTHOR), Lindqvist, Per‐Arne7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Feb2024, Vol. 129 Issue 2, p1-16. 16p.
Subject Terms: *Geomagnetism, *Magnetic storms, Electric fields, Particle motion, Phase space, Echo, Solar wind
Abstract: Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy‐dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test‐particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse‐induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research. Plain Language Summary: In spacecraft observations, the quasi‐periodical motion of particles in the geomagnetic field can generate repeating signals known as "echoes". Examining the relationship between the periods of echoes and the particle's energy is necessary for determining their types. The present study reports a novel mechanism responsible for generating echoes that arise from the ion bounce motion along magnetic field lines. Observations from both ground‐based stations and spacecraft, as well as numerical simulations, suggest these echoes can result from the acceleration and radial diffusion of ions responding to external field variations. These findings extend the current understanding of interactions in the dayside outer magnetosphere. Key Points: Ion acceleration and corresponding bounce echoes were observed by MMS in the dayside outer magnetosphereObservations and simulations suggest these echoes are driven by the accompanied electric field impulsesImpulse‐induced ion radial transport with positive phase space density radial gradient leads to the observed pattern [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
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  Data: Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Xing‐Yu%22">Li, Xing‐Yu</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Zhi‐Yang%22">Liu, Zhi‐Yang</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zong%2C+Qiu‐Gang%22">Zong, Qiu‐Gang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> qgzong@pku.edu.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhou%2C+Xu‐Zhi%22">Zhou, Xu‐Zhi</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Jian‐Jun%22">Liu, Jian‐Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Ze‐Jun%22">Hu, Ze‐Jun</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Xing‐Xin%22">Zhao, Xing‐Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>1,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hao%2C+Yi‐Xin%22">Hao, Yi‐Xin</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Ying%22">Liu, Ying</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Yang%2C+Fan%22">Yang, Fan</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pollock%2C+Craig+J%2E%22">Pollock, Craig J.</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Russell%2C+Christopher+T%2E%22">Russell, Christopher T.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lindqvist%2C+Per‐Arne%22">Lindqvist, Per‐Arne</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Feb2024, Vol. 129 Issue 2, p1-16. 16p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Geomagnetism%22">Geomagnetism</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+storms%22">Magnetic storms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Particle+motion%22">Particle motion</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phase+space%22">Phase space</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Echo%22">Echo</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Solar+wind%22">Solar wind</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Dayside magnetosphere interactions are essential for energy and momentum transport between the solar wind and the magnetosphere. In this study, we investigate a new phenomenon within this regime. Sudden enhancements of ion fluxes followed by repeating dropouts and recoveries were observed by Magnetospheric Multiscale on 5 November 2016, which is the very end of the recovery phase from a moderate geomagnetic storm. These repetitive flux variations display energy‐dispersive characteristics with periods relevant to ion bounce motion, suggesting they are corresponding echoes. Alongside the flux variations, bipolar electric field impulses originating from external sources were detected. We traced the source region of the initial injection and found it is located near the spacecraft's position. To elucidate the underlying physics, a test‐particle simulation is conducted. The results reveal that radial transport resulting from impulse‐induced acceleration can give rise to these echoes. Observations demonstrate dayside magnetosphere interactions are more common than we previously considered, which warrants further research. Plain Language Summary: In spacecraft observations, the quasi‐periodical motion of particles in the geomagnetic field can generate repeating signals known as "echoes". Examining the relationship between the periods of echoes and the particle's energy is necessary for determining their types. The present study reports a novel mechanism responsible for generating echoes that arise from the ion bounce motion along magnetic field lines. Observations from both ground‐based stations and spacecraft, as well as numerical simulations, suggest these echoes can result from the acceleration and radial diffusion of ions responding to external field variations. These findings extend the current understanding of interactions in the dayside outer magnetosphere. Key Points: Ion acceleration and corresponding bounce echoes were observed by MMS in the dayside outer magnetosphereObservations and simulations suggest these echoes are driven by the accompanied electric field impulsesImpulse‐induced ion radial transport with positive phase space density radial gradient leads to the observed pattern [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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        Value: 10.1029/2023JA032273
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 16
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      – SubjectFull: Geomagnetism
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic storms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Particle motion
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      – SubjectFull: Phase space
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      – SubjectFull: Echo
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      – SubjectFull: Solar wind
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      – TitleFull: Ion Acceleration and Corresponding Bounce Echoes Induced by Electric Field Impulses: MMS Observations.
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              Text: Feb2024
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