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Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program.

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Title: Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program.
Authors: Neophytou, Andreas M.1 Andreas.Neophytou@colostate.edu, Aalborg, Jenny2, Magzamen, Sheryl1, Moore, Brianna F.2, Ferrara, Assiamira3, Karagas, Margaret R.4, Trasande, Leonardo5,6, Dabelea, Dana2, on behalf of Program Collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes
Source: Environmental Health Perspectives. May2024, Vol. 132 Issue 5, p057007-1-057007-10. 10p.
Subject Terms: *Environmental exposure, Mathematical variables, Children's health, Self-evaluation, Maternal exposure, Prenatal exposure delayed effects, Research funding, Questionnaires, Pregnancy outcomes, Longitudinal method, Research, Friedman test (Statistics), Sociodemographic factors, Birth weight, Confidence intervals, Data analysis software, Passive smoking, Social classes, Pregnancy
Abstract: BACKGROUND: Estimates for the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes, including secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, often present considerable variability across studies. Knowledge of the reasons behind these differences can aid our understanding of effects in specific populations as well as inform practices of combining data from multiple studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the presence of effect modification by measured sociodemographic characteristics on the effect of SHS exposure during pregnancy on birth weights that may drive differences observed across cohorts. We also aimed to quantify the extent to which differences in the cohort mean effects observed across cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium are due to differing distributions of these characteristics. METHODS: We assessed the presence of effect modification and transportability of effect estimates across five ECHO cohorts in a total of 6,771 mother–offspring dyads. We assessed the presence of effect modification via gradient boosting of regression trees based on the H-statistic. We estimated individual cohort effects using linear models and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). We then estimated transported effects from one cohort to each of the remaining cohorts using a robust nonparametric estimation approach relying on TMLE estimators and compared them to the original effect estimates for these cohorts. RESULTS: Observed effect estimates varied across the five cohorts, ranging from significantly lower birth weight associated with exposure [-167.3 g; 95% confidence interval (CI): -270.4, -64.1] to higher birth weight with wide CIs, including the null (42.4 g; 95% CI: -15.0, 99.8). Transported effect estimates only minimally explained differences in the point estimates for two out of the four cohort pairs. DISCUSSION: Our findings of weak to moderate evidence of effect modification and transportability indicate that unmeasured individual-level and contextual factors and sources of bias may be responsible for differences in the effect estimates observed across ECHO cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neophytou%2C+Andreas+M%2E%22">Neophytou, Andreas M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><i> Andreas.Neophytou@colostate.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Aalborg%2C+Jenny%22">Aalborg, Jenny</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Magzamen%2C+Sheryl%22">Magzamen, Sheryl</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Moore%2C+Brianna+F%2E%22">Moore, Brianna F.</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ferrara%2C+Assiamira%22">Ferrara, Assiamira</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Karagas%2C+Margaret+R%2E%22">Karagas, Margaret R.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Trasande%2C+Leonardo%22">Trasande, Leonardo</searchLink><relatesTo>5,6</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dabelea%2C+Dana%22">Dabelea, Dana</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22on+behalf+of+Program+Collaborators+for+Environmental+influences+on+Child+Health+Outcomes%22">on behalf of Program Collaborators for Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Environmental+Health+Perspectives%22">Environmental Health Perspectives</searchLink>. May2024, Vol. 132 Issue 5, p057007-1-057007-10. 10p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Environmental+exposure%22">Environmental exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mathematical+variables%22">Mathematical variables</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Children's+health%22">Children's health</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Self-evaluation%22">Self-evaluation</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Maternal+exposure%22">Maternal exposure</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Prenatal+exposure+delayed+effects%22">Prenatal exposure delayed effects</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research+funding%22">Research funding</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Questionnaires%22">Questionnaires</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnancy+outcomes%22">Pregnancy outcomes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Longitudinal+method%22">Longitudinal method</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Research%22">Research</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Friedman+test+%28Statistics%29%22">Friedman test (Statistics)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Sociodemographic+factors%22">Sociodemographic factors</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Birth+weight%22">Birth weight</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Confidence+intervals%22">Confidence intervals</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Data+analysis+software%22">Data analysis software</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Passive+smoking%22">Passive smoking</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Social+classes%22">Social classes</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Pregnancy%22">Pregnancy</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: BACKGROUND: Estimates for the effects of environmental exposures on health outcomes, including secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure, often present considerable variability across studies. Knowledge of the reasons behind these differences can aid our understanding of effects in specific populations as well as inform practices of combining data from multiple studies. OBJECTIVES: This study aimed to assess the presence of effect modification by measured sociodemographic characteristics on the effect of SHS exposure during pregnancy on birth weights that may drive differences observed across cohorts. We also aimed to quantify the extent to which differences in the cohort mean effects observed across cohorts in the Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) consortium are due to differing distributions of these characteristics. METHODS: We assessed the presence of effect modification and transportability of effect estimates across five ECHO cohorts in a total of 6,771 mother–offspring dyads. We assessed the presence of effect modification via gradient boosting of regression trees based on the H-statistic. We estimated individual cohort effects using linear models and targeted maximum likelihood estimation (TMLE). We then estimated transported effects from one cohort to each of the remaining cohorts using a robust nonparametric estimation approach relying on TMLE estimators and compared them to the original effect estimates for these cohorts. RESULTS: Observed effect estimates varied across the five cohorts, ranging from significantly lower birth weight associated with exposure [-167.3 g; 95% confidence interval (CI): -270.4, -64.1] to higher birth weight with wide CIs, including the null (42.4 g; 95% CI: -15.0, 99.8). Transported effect estimates only minimally explained differences in the point estimates for two out of the four cohort pairs. DISCUSSION: Our findings of weak to moderate evidence of effect modification and transportability indicate that unmeasured individual-level and contextual factors and sources of bias may be responsible for differences in the effect estimates observed across ECHO cohorts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
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  Data: <i>Copyright of Environmental Health Perspectives is the property of National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1289/EHP13961
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 10
        StartPage: 057007-1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Environmental exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Mathematical variables
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Children's health
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Self-evaluation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Maternal exposure
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Prenatal exposure delayed effects
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      – SubjectFull: Research funding
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Questionnaires
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Pregnancy outcomes
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Longitudinal method
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Research
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Friedman test (Statistics)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Sociodemographic factors
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Birth weight
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      – SubjectFull: Confidence intervals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Data analysis software
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      – SubjectFull: Passive smoking
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      – SubjectFull: Social classes
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      – SubjectFull: Pregnancy
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      – TitleFull: Bridging Differences in Cohort Analyses of the Relationship between Secondhand Smoke Exposure during Pregnancy and Birth Weight: The Transportability Framework in the ECHO Program.
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              Text: May2024
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