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Regional Ionospheric Super Bubble Induced by Significant Upward Plasma Drift During the 1 December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm.

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Title: Regional Ionospheric Super Bubble Induced by Significant Upward Plasma Drift During the 1 December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm.
Authors: Sun, Wenjie1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Guozhu1,2,3 (AUTHOR) gzlee@mail.iggcas.ac.cn, Zhang, Shun‐Rong4 (AUTHOR), Hu, Lianhuan1,2 (AUTHOR), Dai, Guofeng1,2 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Biqiang1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Otsuka, Yuichi5 (AUTHOR), Zhao, Xiukuan2,6 (AUTHOR), Xie, Haiyong1,2,3 (AUTHOR), Li, Yi1,2 (AUTHOR), Ning, Baiqi1,2 (AUTHOR), Liu, Libo2,3,6 (AUTHOR), Shinbori, Atsuki5 (AUTHOR), Nishioka, Michi7 (AUTHOR), Perwitasari, Septi7 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics. Jun2024, Vol. 129 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.
Subject Terms: *Magnetic storms, Interplanetary magnetic fields, Rayleigh-Taylor instability, Electric fields
Abstract: An unseasonal equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event occurred in the East/Southeast Asian sector during the geomagnetic storm on 1 December 2023, causing strong amplitude scintillations from equatorial to middle latitudes. Based on the observations from multiple instruments over a large latitudinal and longitudinal region, the spatial features of the super EPB were investigated. The EPB developed vertically at a fast rising speed ∼470 m/s over the magnetic equator and extended to a very high middle latitude more than 40°N, despite that the storm intensity was not very strong with the minimum SYM‐H index −132 nT. In the zonal direction, the super EPB covered over a specific region ∼95–140°E, where the local sunset roughly coincided with southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component. Before the onset of the super EPB, significant upward plasma drift up to ∼110 m/s was observed over the magnetic equator, which could amplify the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability and lead to the generation of the super EPB. The significant drift was likely caused by eastward penetration electric field (PEF) due to sharp southward turning of IMF Bz. The local time of storm onset and duration of IMF Bz southward turning during the storm main phase may partly determine the onset region and zonal coverage of the EPB. Plain Language Summary: Previous studies have reported unexpected generation and development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during geomagnetic storms, with different EPB morphology varied from case to case. It is important to figure out potential factors controlling the occurrence or absence of EPBs over a specific region during geomagnetic storms, their latitudinal and longitudinal development. In this study, super EPB extending to middle latitudes more than 40°N was observed over a limited zonal region ∼95–140°E during the main phase of the 1 December 2023 geomagnetic storm. Significant upward plasma drift was observed before the onset of the EPB, which coincided with sharp southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz that could induce remarkable penetration electric field. Based on the combination of multiple kinds of observations over a large region, the potential factors controlling the generation and development of the EPB over latitude and longitude were investigated. It was suggested that the onset time, duration and intensity of IMF Bz southward turning during the main phase of geomagnetic storm play an important role in controlling the EPB spatial features, including the onset region, zonal coverage and latitudinal extension. Key Points: Ionospheric super bubble with fast rising speed occurred during storm time, extended to more than 40°N and caused strong midlatitude scintillationThe super bubble occurred over a confined longitudinal sector ∼95–140°E where the local sunset roughly coincided with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz southward turningSignificant upward plasma drift due to penetration electric field (PEF) could be responsible for the generation of the super bubbles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
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  Data: Regional Ionospheric Super Bubble Induced by Significant Upward Plasma Drift During the 1 December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Sun%2C+Wenjie%22">Sun, Wenjie</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Guozhu%22">Li, Guozhu</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gzlee@mail.iggcas.ac.cn</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhang%2C+Shun‐Rong%22">Zhang, Shun‐Rong</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Hu%2C+Lianhuan%22">Hu, Lianhuan</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Dai%2C+Guofeng%22">Dai, Guofeng</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Biqiang%22">Zhao, Biqiang</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Otsuka%2C+Yuichi%22">Otsuka, Yuichi</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhao%2C+Xiukuan%22">Zhao, Xiukuan</searchLink><relatesTo>2,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Xie%2C+Haiyong%22">Xie, Haiyong</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Yi%22">Li, Yi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Ning%2C+Baiqi%22">Ning, Baiqi</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Liu%2C+Libo%22">Liu, Libo</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3,6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Shinbori%2C+Atsuki%22">Shinbori, Atsuki</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Nishioka%2C+Michi%22">Nishioka, Michi</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perwitasari%2C+Septi%22">Perwitasari, Septi</searchLink><relatesTo>7</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Space+Physics%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics</searchLink>. Jun2024, Vol. 129 Issue 6, p1-14. 14p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Magnetic+storms%22">Magnetic storms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Interplanetary+magnetic+fields%22">Interplanetary magnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Rayleigh-Taylor+instability%22">Rayleigh-Taylor instability</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: An unseasonal equatorial plasma bubble (EPB) event occurred in the East/Southeast Asian sector during the geomagnetic storm on 1 December 2023, causing strong amplitude scintillations from equatorial to middle latitudes. Based on the observations from multiple instruments over a large latitudinal and longitudinal region, the spatial features of the super EPB were investigated. The EPB developed vertically at a fast rising speed ∼470 m/s over the magnetic equator and extended to a very high middle latitude more than 40°N, despite that the storm intensity was not very strong with the minimum SYM‐H index −132 nT. In the zonal direction, the super EPB covered over a specific region ∼95–140°E, where the local sunset roughly coincided with southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz component. Before the onset of the super EPB, significant upward plasma drift up to ∼110 m/s was observed over the magnetic equator, which could amplify the growth rate of Rayleigh‐Taylor instability and lead to the generation of the super EPB. The significant drift was likely caused by eastward penetration electric field (PEF) due to sharp southward turning of IMF Bz. The local time of storm onset and duration of IMF Bz southward turning during the storm main phase may partly determine the onset region and zonal coverage of the EPB. Plain Language Summary: Previous studies have reported unexpected generation and development of equatorial plasma bubbles (EPBs) during geomagnetic storms, with different EPB morphology varied from case to case. It is important to figure out potential factors controlling the occurrence or absence of EPBs over a specific region during geomagnetic storms, their latitudinal and longitudinal development. In this study, super EPB extending to middle latitudes more than 40°N was observed over a limited zonal region ∼95–140°E during the main phase of the 1 December 2023 geomagnetic storm. Significant upward plasma drift was observed before the onset of the EPB, which coincided with sharp southward turning of interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz that could induce remarkable penetration electric field. Based on the combination of multiple kinds of observations over a large region, the potential factors controlling the generation and development of the EPB over latitude and longitude were investigated. It was suggested that the onset time, duration and intensity of IMF Bz southward turning during the main phase of geomagnetic storm play an important role in controlling the EPB spatial features, including the onset region, zonal coverage and latitudinal extension. Key Points: Ionospheric super bubble with fast rising speed occurred during storm time, extended to more than 40°N and caused strong midlatitude scintillationThe super bubble occurred over a confined longitudinal sector ∼95–140°E where the local sunset roughly coincided with interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) Bz southward turningSignificant upward plasma drift due to penetration electric field (PEF) could be responsible for the generation of the super bubbles [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Space Physics is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2024JA032430
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      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 14
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Magnetic storms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Interplanetary magnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Rayleigh-Taylor instability
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric fields
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Regional Ionospheric Super Bubble Induced by Significant Upward Plasma Drift During the 1 December 2023 Geomagnetic Storm.
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              Text: Jun2024
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