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Phytoplankton Responses to Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in a Tropical Meander.

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Title: Phytoplankton Responses to Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in a Tropical Meander.
Authors: Pereira, Filipe1,2,3 (AUTHOR) fpereira@ucsd.edu, da Silveira, Ilson C. A.1 (AUTHOR), Tandon, Amit2,3 (AUTHOR), Franks, Peter J. S.4 (AUTHOR), Luko, Caique D.4 (AUTHOR), Santos, Daniel M. C.1 (AUTHOR), Pompeu, Mayza1 (AUTHOR), Michelazzo, Luan S.1 (AUTHOR), Chuqui, Mateus G.1 (AUTHOR), Brandini, Frederico P.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans. Jun2024, Vol. 129 Issue 6, p1-20. 20p.
Subject Terms: *Phytoplankton, *Biochemistry, Ocean gyres, Euphotic zone, Upwelling (Oceanography), Meandering rivers
Geographic Terms: Brazil
Abstract: The mesoscale activity of western boundary currents can induce changes in the oligotrophic conditions of the oceanic subtropical gyres. Off SE Brazil, recurrent meanders in the Brazil Current can modulate the pelagic ecosystem through eddy‐induced upwelling, as well as drive coastal upwelling and cross‐shelf exchanges. Despite their relevance, direct measurements of such meanders are scarce. At the end of the Spring of 2019, we acquired measurements of both physical and biogeochemical properties along a transect through one of these features, with 5–10 km spacing between stations. Displacements of the isopycnals at the meander edges arose from submesoscale filaments along the meander's rim, associated with the signature of shelf water masses. Chlorophyll distributions along the transect indicated phytoplankton responses to the different dynamic regimes in the meander: eddy stirring in the surface mixed layers versus eddy pumping in the subsurface waters, and mesoscale dynamics in the meander center versus submesoscale dynamics in its periphery. Subsurface phytoplankton biomass was enhanced in the meander center, likely due to eddy pumping raising the nutricline into the euphotic zone. Eddy pumping also appears to have contributed to a shift in the phytoplankton community composition to larger organisms. Our results indicate that the physical dynamics create different habitats across the meander, leading to spatial patchiness in the chlorophyll distributions, with different types of organisms in distinct parts of the meander. Plain Language Summary: Like rivers, ocean currents can meander along their paths. Off southeastern Brazil, the Brazil Current flows southward and meanders as it flows past capes in the region. These meanders are hundreds of kilometers wide (mesoscale) and can generate smaller features that are tens of kilometers wide (submesoscale). These multiscale processes impact the planktonic ecosystem by inducing nutrient inputs to the nutrient‐poor open ocean and consequently enhancing primary productivity. However, direct measurements of these features are scarce. We had the opportunity to survey one of these meanders in 2019, collecting physical and biogeochemical data along a single line through the meander from southwest to northeast. We found small‐scale distortions that indicated the presence of submesoscale features swirling around the meander's rim. Different parts of the meander showed distinct phytoplankton responses, with more phytoplankton in the center, below the surface, likely growing on nutrients pumped upward by the meander. This pumping process might have been correlated with a phytoplankton community shift from small to larger organisms. Overall, our study shows that mesoscale and submesoscale motions create a variety of habitats, leading to distinct chlorophyll distribution patterns in different parts of the meander. Key Points: We present the first physical‐biological measurements of a Brazil Current cyclonic meander drawing high chlorophyll shelf waters offshoreEddy pumping raised nutricline to the euphotic zone driving subsurface phytoplankton enhancement at eddy center and invisible to satellitesDistinct hydrodynamic regimes modulated the phytoplankton response in the center, rim, surface, and subsurface of the eddy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Data: Phytoplankton Responses to Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in a Tropical Meander.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pereira%2C+Filipe%22">Pereira, Filipe</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> fpereira@ucsd.edu</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22da+Silveira%2C+Ilson+C%2E+A%2E%22">da Silveira, Ilson C. A.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Tandon%2C+Amit%22">Tandon, Amit</searchLink><relatesTo>2,3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Franks%2C+Peter+J%2E+S%2E%22">Franks, Peter J. S.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luko%2C+Caique+D%2E%22">Luko, Caique D.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Santos%2C+Daniel+M%2E+C%2E%22">Santos, Daniel M. C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pompeu%2C+Mayza%22">Pompeu, Mayza</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Michelazzo%2C+Luan+S%2E%22">Michelazzo, Luan S.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chuqui%2C+Mateus+G%2E%22">Chuqui, Mateus G.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Brandini%2C+Frederico+P%2E%22">Brandini, Frederico P.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Oceans%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans</searchLink>. Jun2024, Vol. 129 Issue 6, p1-20. 20p.
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  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Phytoplankton%22">Phytoplankton</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Biochemistry%22">Biochemistry</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ocean+gyres%22">Ocean gyres</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Euphotic+zone%22">Euphotic zone</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Upwelling+%28Oceanography%29%22">Upwelling (Oceanography)</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Meandering+rivers%22">Meandering rivers</searchLink>
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Brazil%22">Brazil</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: The mesoscale activity of western boundary currents can induce changes in the oligotrophic conditions of the oceanic subtropical gyres. Off SE Brazil, recurrent meanders in the Brazil Current can modulate the pelagic ecosystem through eddy‐induced upwelling, as well as drive coastal upwelling and cross‐shelf exchanges. Despite their relevance, direct measurements of such meanders are scarce. At the end of the Spring of 2019, we acquired measurements of both physical and biogeochemical properties along a transect through one of these features, with 5–10 km spacing between stations. Displacements of the isopycnals at the meander edges arose from submesoscale filaments along the meander's rim, associated with the signature of shelf water masses. Chlorophyll distributions along the transect indicated phytoplankton responses to the different dynamic regimes in the meander: eddy stirring in the surface mixed layers versus eddy pumping in the subsurface waters, and mesoscale dynamics in the meander center versus submesoscale dynamics in its periphery. Subsurface phytoplankton biomass was enhanced in the meander center, likely due to eddy pumping raising the nutricline into the euphotic zone. Eddy pumping also appears to have contributed to a shift in the phytoplankton community composition to larger organisms. Our results indicate that the physical dynamics create different habitats across the meander, leading to spatial patchiness in the chlorophyll distributions, with different types of organisms in distinct parts of the meander. Plain Language Summary: Like rivers, ocean currents can meander along their paths. Off southeastern Brazil, the Brazil Current flows southward and meanders as it flows past capes in the region. These meanders are hundreds of kilometers wide (mesoscale) and can generate smaller features that are tens of kilometers wide (submesoscale). These multiscale processes impact the planktonic ecosystem by inducing nutrient inputs to the nutrient‐poor open ocean and consequently enhancing primary productivity. However, direct measurements of these features are scarce. We had the opportunity to survey one of these meanders in 2019, collecting physical and biogeochemical data along a single line through the meander from southwest to northeast. We found small‐scale distortions that indicated the presence of submesoscale features swirling around the meander's rim. Different parts of the meander showed distinct phytoplankton responses, with more phytoplankton in the center, below the surface, likely growing on nutrients pumped upward by the meander. This pumping process might have been correlated with a phytoplankton community shift from small to larger organisms. Overall, our study shows that mesoscale and submesoscale motions create a variety of habitats, leading to distinct chlorophyll distribution patterns in different parts of the meander. Key Points: We present the first physical‐biological measurements of a Brazil Current cyclonic meander drawing high chlorophyll shelf waters offshoreEddy pumping raised nutricline to the euphotic zone driving subsurface phytoplankton enhancement at eddy center and invisible to satellitesDistinct hydrodynamic regimes modulated the phytoplankton response in the center, rim, surface, and subsurface of the eddy [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Oceans is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2023JC020685
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
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        PageCount: 20
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    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Phytoplankton
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Biochemistry
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ocean gyres
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Euphotic zone
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Upwelling (Oceanography)
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Meandering rivers
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Brazil
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Phytoplankton Responses to Mesoscale and Submesoscale Processes in a Tropical Meander.
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              Text: Jun2024
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