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Enrichment of Phosphates, Lead, and Mixed Soil‐Organic Particles in INPs at the Southern Great Plains Site.

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Title: Enrichment of Phosphates, Lead, and Mixed Soil‐Organic Particles in INPs at the Southern Great Plains Site.
Authors: Cornwell, Gavin C.1 (AUTHOR) gavin.cornwell@pnnl.gov, Steinke, Isabelle1,2 (AUTHOR), Lata, Nurun Nahar1 (AUTHOR), Zelenyuk, Alla1 (AUTHOR), Kulkarni, Gourihar1 (AUTHOR), Pekour, Mikhail1 (AUTHOR), Perkins, Russell3 (AUTHOR), Levin, Ezra J. T.4,5 (AUTHOR), China, Swarup1 (AUTHOR), DeMott, Paul J.4 (AUTHOR), Burrows, Susannah M.1 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 7/16/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 13, p1-17. 17p.
Subject Terms: *Mineral dusts, *Dust, *Agriculture, *Plains, Carbonaceous aerosols, Ice nuclei, Ice crystals
Geographic Terms: Great Plains, Oklahoma
Abstract: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are rare particles that initiate primary ice formation, a critical step required for subsequent important cloud microphysical processes that ultimately govern cloud phase and cloud radiative properties. Laboratory studies have found that organic‐rich dusts, such as those found in soils, are more efficient INPs compared to mineral dust. However, the atmospheric relevance of these organic‐rich dusts are not well understood, particularly in regions with significant agricultural activity. The Agricultural Ice nuclei at the Southern Great Plains field campaign (AGINSGP) was conducted in rural Oklahoma to investigate how soil dusts contribute to INP populations in the Great Plains. We present chemical characterization of ambient and ice crystal residual particles from a single day of sampling, using single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and scanning microscopy. Ambient particles were primarily carbonaceous or secondary aerosol, while the fraction of dust particles was higher in the residual particles. We also observed an unusual particle type consisting of a carbonaceous core mixed with dust fragments on the surface, which was found in higher proportion in residuals. Dust particles measured during residual sampling contained greater proportions of phosphate (63PO2− ${\text{PO}}_{2}^{-}$ and 79PO3− ${\text{PO}}_{3}^{-}$) and lead (206Pb+). Strong sulfate signals were not seen in the residual dust particles measured by the SPMS, while nitrate was slightly depleted relative to ambient dust. This study shows that organic‐rich soils may be important contributors to the ambient INP population in agricultural regions. Plain Language Summary: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) affect climate by causing clouds to freeze at warmer temperatures. However, they are very rare which this means that they are challenging to characterize. Agricultural soils have exhibited high ice nucleation activity in lab studies though their relevance to ambient INP populations is unknown. In this work, we directly measure INP composition in a field campaign at a site in the middle of farmlands to determine whether they are an important source of INPs. We show that dust particles, along with carbonaceous particles mixed with dust, are enriched in INP samples relative to ambient particles. We also show that phosphate (presumed to come from biological fragments) and lead may enhance the IN activity of dust particles. Key Points: Ice nucleating particle composition was directly measured with the ice crystal residual method using two characterization techniquesDust residual particles contained greater phosphate and lead relative to ambient dust particlesCarbonaceous particles internally mixed with dust fragments were found in residual particles measured by SEM/EDX [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Enrichment of Phosphates, Lead, and Mixed Soil‐Organic Particles in INPs at the Southern Great Plains Site.
– Name: Author
  Label: Authors
  Group: Au
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Cornwell%2C+Gavin+C%2E%22">Cornwell, Gavin C.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> gavin.cornwell@pnnl.gov</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Steinke%2C+Isabelle%22">Steinke, Isabelle</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Lata%2C+Nurun+Nahar%22">Lata, Nurun Nahar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zelenyuk%2C+Alla%22">Zelenyuk, Alla</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Kulkarni%2C+Gourihar%22">Kulkarni, Gourihar</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Pekour%2C+Mikhail%22">Pekour, Mikhail</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Perkins%2C+Russell%22">Perkins, Russell</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Levin%2C+Ezra J%2E T%2E%22">Levin, Ezra J. T.</searchLink><relatesTo>4,5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22China%2C+Swarup%22">China, Swarup</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22DeMott%2C+Paul+J%2E%22">DeMott, Paul J.</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Burrows%2C+Susannah+M%2E%22">Burrows, Susannah M.</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 7/16/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 13, p1-17. 17p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Mineral+dusts%22">Mineral dusts</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Dust%22">Dust</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Agriculture%22">Agriculture</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Plains%22">Plains</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Carbonaceous+aerosols%22">Carbonaceous aerosols</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ice+nuclei%22">Ice nuclei</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Ice+crystals%22">Ice crystals</searchLink>
– Name: SubjectGeographic
  Label: Geographic Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Great+Plains%22">Great Plains</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Oklahoma%22">Oklahoma</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) are rare particles that initiate primary ice formation, a critical step required for subsequent important cloud microphysical processes that ultimately govern cloud phase and cloud radiative properties. Laboratory studies have found that organic‐rich dusts, such as those found in soils, are more efficient INPs compared to mineral dust. However, the atmospheric relevance of these organic‐rich dusts are not well understood, particularly in regions with significant agricultural activity. The Agricultural Ice nuclei at the Southern Great Plains field campaign (AGINSGP) was conducted in rural Oklahoma to investigate how soil dusts contribute to INP populations in the Great Plains. We present chemical characterization of ambient and ice crystal residual particles from a single day of sampling, using single particle mass spectrometry (SPMS) and scanning microscopy. Ambient particles were primarily carbonaceous or secondary aerosol, while the fraction of dust particles was higher in the residual particles. We also observed an unusual particle type consisting of a carbonaceous core mixed with dust fragments on the surface, which was found in higher proportion in residuals. Dust particles measured during residual sampling contained greater proportions of phosphate (63PO2− ${\text{PO}}_{2}^{-}$ and 79PO3− ${\text{PO}}_{3}^{-}$) and lead (206Pb+). Strong sulfate signals were not seen in the residual dust particles measured by the SPMS, while nitrate was slightly depleted relative to ambient dust. This study shows that organic‐rich soils may be important contributors to the ambient INP population in agricultural regions. Plain Language Summary: Ice nucleating particles (INPs) affect climate by causing clouds to freeze at warmer temperatures. However, they are very rare which this means that they are challenging to characterize. Agricultural soils have exhibited high ice nucleation activity in lab studies though their relevance to ambient INP populations is unknown. In this work, we directly measure INP composition in a field campaign at a site in the middle of farmlands to determine whether they are an important source of INPs. We show that dust particles, along with carbonaceous particles mixed with dust, are enriched in INP samples relative to ambient particles. We also show that phosphate (presumed to come from biological fragments) and lead may enhance the IN activity of dust particles. Key Points: Ice nucleating particle composition was directly measured with the ice crystal residual method using two characterization techniquesDust residual particles contained greater phosphate and lead relative to ambient dust particlesCarbonaceous particles internally mixed with dust fragments were found in residual particles measured by SEM/EDX [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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RecordInfo BibRecord:
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    Identifiers:
      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2024JD040826
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 17
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Mineral dusts
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Dust
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Agriculture
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Plains
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Carbonaceous aerosols
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ice nuclei
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Ice crystals
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Great Plains
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Oklahoma
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Enrichment of Phosphates, Lead, and Mixed Soil‐Organic Particles in INPs at the Southern Great Plains Site.
        Type: main
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              M: 07
              Text: 7/16/2024
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              Y: 2024
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