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Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study.

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Title: Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study.
Authors: Li, Dongshuai1,2 (AUTHOR) dongshuai@space.dtu.dk, Luque, Alejandro2 (AUTHOR) aluque@iaa.es, Rachidi, Farhad3 (AUTHOR), Rubinstein, Marcos4 (AUTHOR), Neubert, Torsten1 (AUTHOR), Zhu, Yanan5 (AUTHOR), Chanrion, Olivier1 (AUTHOR), da Silva, Caitano6 (AUTHOR), Krehbiel, Paul R.6 (AUTHOR)
Source: Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres. 7/28/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 14, p1-18. 18p.
Subject Terms: *Radiation, *Thunderstorms, Electromagnetic fields, Electric lines, Electric fields, Lightning
Abstract: Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are impulsive and powerful intracloud discharges. Recent observations indicate that some NBEs exhibit a slanted orientation rather than strictly vertical. This paper investigates the effect of the slanted NBEs using a newly developed rebounding‐wave model. The modeling results are validated against the full‐wave Finite‐ Difference Time‐Domain method and compared with measurements for both vertical and slanted NBE cases. It is found that the inclination of the NBEs affects both the waveforms and amplitudes of the electrostatic, induction and radiation components of the electric fields at close distances (≤10 km). However, it primarily influences the amplitudes of the fields for distances beyond 50 km, where the radiation component dominates, resulting in changes of ≥30% when the slant angle exceeds 30°. The slanted rebounding‐wave model improves the agreement with respect to a purely vertical channel and can be extended to any discharge geometry at arbitrary observation distances. Plain Language Summary: Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) are unique intracloud discharges that occur either individually or as the initiation event for lightning flashes inside thunderstorms. Knowing the physical mechanisms of NBEs will help us to better understand how lightning initiates inside thunderstorms. Recent studies indicated that NBEs could exhibit a slanted orientation rather than being strictly vertical. However, the inclination of NBEs has not been considered in previous transmission line models, leading to uncertainty when evaluating their characteristics based on electromagnetic fields. Here, in the light of recent observations, we analyze the propagation effect of the slanted NBEs by using a newly developed slanted rebounding‐wave model, and we compare the modeling results with observations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the physical mechanism of NBEs and provides a reference for accurately characterizing NBEs based on their electromagnetic fields. Key Points: The propagation effect of slanted Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) at different distance is investigated and compared with the observationsThe inclination of the NBEs could significantly affect the electromagnetic fields in the close distanceThe proposed equations will improve the quality of inferred features of slanted NBEs and can be extended to any discharge shape [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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Items – Name: Title
  Label: Title
  Group: Ti
  Data: Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study.
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Li%2C+Dongshuai%22">Li, Dongshuai</searchLink><relatesTo>1,2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> dongshuai@space.dtu.dk</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Luque%2C+Alejandro%22">Luque, Alejandro</searchLink><relatesTo>2</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<i> aluque@iaa.es</i><br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rachidi%2C+Farhad%22">Rachidi, Farhad</searchLink><relatesTo>3</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Rubinstein%2C+Marcos%22">Rubinstein, Marcos</searchLink><relatesTo>4</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Neubert%2C+Torsten%22">Neubert, Torsten</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Zhu%2C+Yanan%22">Zhu, Yanan</searchLink><relatesTo>5</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Chanrion%2C+Olivier%22">Chanrion, Olivier</searchLink><relatesTo>1</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22da+Silva%2C+Caitano%22">da Silva, Caitano</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)<br /><searchLink fieldCode="AR" term="%22Krehbiel%2C+Paul+R%2E%22">Krehbiel, Paul R.</searchLink><relatesTo>6</relatesTo> (AUTHOR)
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  Data: <searchLink fieldCode="JN" term="%22Journal+of+Geophysical+Research%2E+Atmospheres%22">Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres</searchLink>. 7/28/2024, Vol. 129 Issue 14, p1-18. 18p.
– Name: Subject
  Label: Subject Terms
  Group: Su
  Data: *<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Radiation%22">Radiation</searchLink><br />*<searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Thunderstorms%22">Thunderstorms</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electromagnetic+fields%22">Electromagnetic fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+lines%22">Electric lines</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Electric+fields%22">Electric fields</searchLink><br /><searchLink fieldCode="DE" term="%22Lightning%22">Lightning</searchLink>
– Name: Abstract
  Label: Abstract
  Group: Ab
  Data: Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) are impulsive and powerful intracloud discharges. Recent observations indicate that some NBEs exhibit a slanted orientation rather than strictly vertical. This paper investigates the effect of the slanted NBEs using a newly developed rebounding‐wave model. The modeling results are validated against the full‐wave Finite‐ Difference Time‐Domain method and compared with measurements for both vertical and slanted NBE cases. It is found that the inclination of the NBEs affects both the waveforms and amplitudes of the electrostatic, induction and radiation components of the electric fields at close distances (≤10 km). However, it primarily influences the amplitudes of the fields for distances beyond 50 km, where the radiation component dominates, resulting in changes of ≥30% when the slant angle exceeds 30°. The slanted rebounding‐wave model improves the agreement with respect to a purely vertical channel and can be extended to any discharge geometry at arbitrary observation distances. Plain Language Summary: Narrow Bipolar Events (NBEs) are unique intracloud discharges that occur either individually or as the initiation event for lightning flashes inside thunderstorms. Knowing the physical mechanisms of NBEs will help us to better understand how lightning initiates inside thunderstorms. Recent studies indicated that NBEs could exhibit a slanted orientation rather than being strictly vertical. However, the inclination of NBEs has not been considered in previous transmission line models, leading to uncertainty when evaluating their characteristics based on electromagnetic fields. Here, in the light of recent observations, we analyze the propagation effect of the slanted NBEs by using a newly developed slanted rebounding‐wave model, and we compare the modeling results with observations. This study contributes to a better understanding of the physical mechanism of NBEs and provides a reference for accurately characterizing NBEs based on their electromagnetic fields. Key Points: The propagation effect of slanted Narrow bipolar events (NBEs) at different distance is investigated and compared with the observationsThe inclination of the NBEs could significantly affect the electromagnetic fields in the close distanceThe proposed equations will improve the quality of inferred features of slanted NBEs and can be extended to any discharge shape [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
– Name: AbstractSuppliedCopyright
  Label:
  Group: Ab
  Data: <i>Copyright of Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites without the copyright holder's express written permission. Additionally, content may not be used with any artificial intelligence tools or machine learning technologies. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.</i> (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
PLink https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&site=eds-live&db=8gh&AN=178683810
RecordInfo BibRecord:
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      – Type: doi
        Value: 10.1029/2023JD040497
    Languages:
      – Code: eng
        Text: English
    PhysicalDescription:
      Pagination:
        PageCount: 18
        StartPage: 1
    Subjects:
      – SubjectFull: Radiation
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Thunderstorms
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electromagnetic fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric lines
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Electric fields
        Type: general
      – SubjectFull: Lightning
        Type: general
    Titles:
      – TitleFull: Propagation Effects of Slanted Narrow Bipolar Events: A Rebounding‐Wave Model Study.
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              M: 07
              Text: 7/28/2024
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